Safety and Security in the Cyber World

Correct Option: Incorrect spelling of FIFA in the email ID in 'From' Box.

Explanation:
- A genuine email from an official organisation will always have the correct and exact spelling of the organisation's name in the sender's email ID.
- An incorrect spelling of 'FIFA' in the 'From' field (for example, 'FIFIA' or 'FFIFA') is a clear indicator that the email is fake and has not been sent from the official FIFA account.
- The time-limited offer ('valid only for 48 hours') is a common pressure tactic used in spam/fraud emails but alone does not conclusively prove it is fake.
- The cost of the game mentioned in the mail cannot be independently verified just from the email itself.

Conclusion: The incorrect spelling of FIFA in the sender's email ID is the strongest and most direct proof that the email is fraudulent.

Fake/Suspicious URLs:

1. http://www.uiidai.gov.in/ — This is a fake URL. The correct official website of UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India) is https://uidai.gov.in/. The URL here has an extra letter 'i' inserted ('uiidai' instead of 'uidai'), which is a classic phishing/spoofing technique.

2. http://www.incometakindiaefilling.gov.in/ — This is a fake URL. The correct official website for income tax e-filing is https://www.incometax.gov.in/. The URL here contains a misspelling ('incometakindiaefilling' instead of 'incometax'), indicating it is a fraudulent site.

3. https://onlinesbi.com — This is a fake URL. The correct official website of State Bank of India is https://www.onlinesbi.sbi/ or https://sbi.co.in/. The domain 'onlinesbi.com' does not belong to SBI and is indicative of a phishing website.

Key Points to identify fake URLs:
- Look for misspellings or extra/missing letters in the domain name.
- Check whether the domain extension is correct (e.g., .gov.in for government sites).
- Always verify the URL before entering any personal or financial information.
- Prefer URLs beginning with https:// (secure) over http://.

Ways to share an event with a larger audience:

The Internet provides several platforms to reach a large number of people simultaneously. Some common ways are:

1. Social Networking Sites — Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter allow you to create event pages and share them with thousands of followers at once.

2. Email Newsletters — Sending a bulk email to a mailing list informs a large group of people about the event quickly.

3. Messaging Applications — Apps like WhatsApp, Telegram, etc., allow sharing event details in groups and broadcast lists.

4. Websites and Blogs — Publishing event details on a website or blog makes it accessible to anyone searching online.

5. Online Forums and Communities — Posting on platforms like Reddit or community forums helps reach people with specific interests.

6. YouTube / Video Platforms — Creating a short promotional video and uploading it can attract a wider audience.

Conclusion: Social networking sites are the most effective and widely used method to share events with a larger audience quickly and at no cost.

Three popular Social Networking Sites:

1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) — One of the largest social networking platforms in the world, used for connecting with friends, sharing photos, videos, and joining groups.

2. Instagram (www.instagram.com) — A photo and video sharing social networking platform owned by Meta, widely used by individuals and businesses.

3. Twitter / X (www.twitter.com) — A microblogging and social networking site where users post and interact with short messages called 'tweets'.

Other examples include: LinkedIn, Snapchat, Pinterest, YouTube, etc.

Answers:

a. Phishing often directs users to a fake website whose look and feel are almost identical to the actual website.

Explanation: Phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising as a trustworthy entity. It typically redirects users to a cloned/fake website that looks exactly like the original.

b. Undesired or illegal email messages are often known as Spam.

Explanation: Spam refers to unsolicited, unwanted, or irrelevant messages sent over the internet, typically to a large number of users, for the purposes of advertising, phishing, or spreading malware.

c. The protection of internet connected systems including hardware, software and data from cyber attacks is termed as Cyber Security.

Explanation: Cyber Security encompasses all practices, technologies, and processes designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attack, damage, or unauthorised access.

d. A Virus (Malware/Malicious Software) is a form of malicious software program which can corrupt or destroy systems or data.

Explanation: A computer virus is a type of malware that, when executed, replicates itself and can corrupt files, destroy data, or damage the operating system of a device.

Correct Matching:

| Column A | | Column B |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Malware | → | b. Virus |
| 2. Spamming | → | a. Email |
| 3. Cyber law | → | d. Cyber crime |
| 4. Phishing | → | c. Stealing data |

Explanations:

- Malware → Virus: Malware (malicious software) includes viruses, worms, trojans, etc. A virus is the most common example of malware.
- Spamming → Email: Spamming refers to sending large volumes of unsolicited messages, most commonly through email.
- Cyber law → Cyber crime: Cyber law is the legal framework that governs cyber crimes and regulates activities in the cyber world.
- Phishing → Stealing data: Phishing is a technique used to steal sensitive data such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by impersonating a trustworthy source.

Answers:

a. True

Explanation: Hacking refers to gaining unauthorised access to a computer system or network. It is illegal and is classified as a cybercrime under cyber laws in most countries, including India's Information Technology Act, 2000.

b. True

Explanation: Phishing is a fraudulent technique where attackers impersonate legitimate organisations through fake emails or websites to trick users into revealing sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, and bank account details.

c. False

Explanation: Social networking sites should never be used to share passwords or secret information. Sharing passwords on social networking sites is extremely unsafe and can lead to identity theft, account hacking, and other cybercrimes. Passwords must always be kept private.

d. True

Explanation: When you receive harmful, abusive, or unwanted messages online, you should immediately block the sender and delete the messages. Most online platforms and email services provide the 'Block' and 'Report' features to protect users from cyber bullying and harassment.