Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
CBSE · Class 9 · Social Science
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Introduction to Natural Vegetation and Biodiversity
- India ranks 10th in the world and 4th in Asia for plant diversity with about 47,000 plant species
- India has approximately 15,000 flowering plants (6% of world's total) and 90,000 animal species
- Natural vegetation refers to plant communities that grow naturally without human aid and remain undisturbed
Types of Natural Vegetation
- Five major types: Tropical Evergreen, Tropical Deciduous, Tropical Thorn, Montane, and Mangrove forests
- Distribution depends on rainfall, temperature, altitude, and soil conditions
- Each type has specific characteristics, tree species, and associated wildlife
Tropical Evergreen Forests
- Found in Western Ghats, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, upper Assam, Tamil Nadu coast
- Require >200cm rainfall with short dry season
- Trees reach 60+ meters height with multilayered structure
Tropical Deciduous Forests
- Most widespread forests in India, also called monsoon forests
- Rainfall between 70-200cm, trees shed leaves for 6-8 weeks in dry summer
- Two types: Moist Deciduous (100-200cm) and Dry Deciduous (70-100cm)
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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