Locomotion and Movement
Odisha Board · Class 11 · Biology
Flashcards for Locomotion and Movement — Odisha Board Class 11 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is the difference between movement and locomotion?
Answer
Movement is any change in position or posture of body parts, while locomotion is a voluntary movement that results in change of place or location. All locomotions are movements, but all movements are …
Name the three main types of movements exhibited by cells in the human body.
Answer
1. Amoeboid movement - shown by macrophages and leucocytes using pseudopodia 2. Ciliary movement - occurs in internal tubular organs lined by ciliated epithelium 3. Muscular movement - involves contra…
What are the three types of muscles based on location? Give their characteristics.
Answer
1. Skeletal muscles - striated, voluntary, attached to bones, used for locomotion 2. Visceral muscles - smooth (non-striated), involuntary, found in walls of internal organs 3. Cardiac muscles - stria…
What are the four special properties of muscles?
Answer
1. Excitability - ability to respond to stimuli 2. Contractility - ability to shorten and generate force 3. Extensibility - ability to stretch beyond normal length 4. Elasticity - ability to return to…
What is a sarcomere? What are its key components?
Answer
A sarcomere is the functional unit of muscle contraction, located between two successive Z-lines. Key components: - I-band: light band containing actin (thin filaments) - A-band: dark band containing …
Describe the structure of actin (thin) filament.
Answer
Actin filament consists of: - Two F-actin chains helically wound together - Each F-actin is a polymer of monomeric G-actin - Two tropomyosin filaments run along F-actins - Troponin complex distributed…
What is the structure of myosin (thick) filament?
Answer
Myosin filament is made of many meromyosin molecules. Each meromyosin has: - Heavy meromyosin (HMM): globular head with short arm - Light meromyosin (LMM): tail portion - Cross arms: HMM projecting ou…
Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
Answer
Muscle contraction occurs by sliding of thin filaments over thick filaments without change in their lengths. Steps: 1. Neural signal releases Ca²⁺ 2. Ca²⁺ binds to troponin, exposing actin binding sit…
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