Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours
Bihar Board · Class 11 · Economics
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What are the three countries compared in this chapter and when did they begin their development journey?
Answer
India, China, and Pakistan. India and Pakistan became independent in 1947, while the People's Republic of China was established in 1949. All three started their development planning around the same ti…
Compare the population and density of India, China, and Pakistan (2022 data).
Answer
India: 1412 million population, 473 per sq km density China: 1417 million population, 150 per sq km density Pakistan: 236 million population, 300 per sq km density Note: China has the largest geograph…
What was China's 'Great Leap Forward' campaign and what were its outcomes?
Answer
The Great Leap Forward (1958) was China's campaign to industrialize the country on a massive scale. People were encouraged to set up industries in backyards, and rural communes were started for collec…
When did economic reforms begin in India, China, and Pakistan, and what prompted them?
Answer
China: 1978 (voluntary, due to dissatisfaction with slow growth under Maoist rule) Pakistan: 1988 (mixed reasons) India: 1991 (forced by balance of payments crisis and World Bank/IMF conditions) China…
Compare the GDP (PPP) of India, China, and Pakistan.
Answer
China: $35 trillion (2nd largest in the world) India: $15 trillion (about 42% of China's GDP) Pakistan: $1.5 trillion (about 10% of India's GDP) China has the highest GDP, followed by India, then Paki…
What is the 'one child norm' in China and what were its effects?
Answer
Introduced in late 1970s to control population growth. Effects: 1) Successfully reduced population growth rate to nearly zero, 2) Caused decline in sex ratio (fewer females per 1000 males), 3) Led to …
Compare the sectoral distribution of workforce in agriculture across the three countries (2021).
Answer
India: 46% of workforce in agriculture, contributes 19% to GVA China: 23% of workforce in agriculture, contributes 8% to GVA Pakistan: 37% of workforce in agriculture, contributes 24% to GVA All three…
What is 'dual pricing' system introduced in China during reforms?
Answer
Dual pricing meant fixing prices in two ways: 1) Farmers and industrial units had to buy/sell fixed quantities at government-fixed prices, 2) The rest could be bought/sold at market prices. As product…
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