Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement: Civil Disobedience and Beyond

Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Kheda Satyagraha (1918), Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)

Gandhi's early movements included Champaran (1917) for indigo farmers, Kheda (1918) for peasant tax relief, and Ahmedabad (1918) for textile workers. The Salt March and Quit India were later movements.

Restoration of the Caliphate

The Khilafat Movement (1919-1920) was led by Indian Muslims to restore the Caliphate and protect Turkish Sultan's control over Muslim sacred places. Gandhi supported it to unite Hindus and Muslims in the freedom struggle.

Chauri Chaura violence

Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident, where protesters burned a police station and killed several constables. Gandhi believed this violence went against his principle of non-violence.

Sabarmati Ashram

The Salt March began on March 12, 1930, from Gandhi's Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad. He walked 240 miles to the coastal village of Dandi, where he made salt by evaporating seawater, breaking the British salt monopoly.