Change and Development in Rural Society
Bihar Board · Class 12 · Sociology
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See them allWhat percentage of India's population lives in rural areas according to the 2011 Census?
Answer
69 percent of India's population lives in rural areas according to the 2011 Census. The majority of these people make their living from agriculture or related occupations, making agricultural land the…
Define 'agrarian structure' and explain its significance in rural society.
Answer
Agrarian structure refers to the structure or distribution of landholdings in rural areas. It is significant because agricultural land is the most important productive resource, and access to land sha…
What is a 'dominant caste' according to M.N. Srinivas? Give examples.
Answer
A dominant caste is the most powerful group in each region, both economically and politically, that dominates local society. They are usually major landowning groups. Examples include Jats and Rajputs…
Compare the zamindari and raiyatwari systems of land revenue during British colonial rule.
Answer
Zamindari system: British ruled through local zamindars (landlords) who were given property rights and extracted heavy taxes from cultivators. This led to agricultural stagnation. Raiyatwari system: T…
What were the three major categories of land reform laws introduced after independence?
Answer
1. Abolition of zamindari system - removed intermediaries between cultivators and state 2. Tenancy abolition and regulation acts - attempted to outlaw tenancy or regulate rents 3. Land Ceiling Acts - …
Why were Land Ceiling Acts largely ineffective in most states?
Answer
Land Ceiling Acts proved toothless due to many loopholes and strategies used by landowners to escape. Examples include 'benami transfers' where rich farmers divorced their wives (but continued living …
What was the Green Revolution and what were its main components?
Answer
The Green Revolution was a government programme of agricultural modernization in the 1960s-70s, funded by international agencies. Main components included: high-yielding variety (HYV) or hybrid seeds,…
Which regions received the first wave of Green Revolution and why?
Answer
Punjab, western U.P., coastal Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Tamil Nadu received the first wave. These regions were chosen because they had assured irrigation (necessary for new seeds and cultivation me…
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