ICSE Science Important Questions Class 10 2026 — Physics, Chemistry & Biology
ICSE Class 10 Science important questions 2026 — Physics, Chemistry, Biology topic-wise with application-based problems.
ICSE Class 10 Science has 2 papers: Paper 1 (Physics + Chemistry, 80 marks) and Paper 2 (Biology, 80 marks). Each paper has Section A (compulsory, 40 marks) and Section B (attempt 4 of 7, 40 marks). Below are the most expected questions from each subject.
Paper 1: Physics
Force, Work, Power & Energy
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| State the principle of moments. A uniform metre rule balances at the 40cm mark when a 50g mass is hung at the 10cm mark. Find the mass of the rule. | 4 |
| Define: (a) mechanical advantage, (b) velocity ratio, (c) efficiency of a machine. Derive the relation between them. | 4 |
| A pulley system has VR = 4. If effort = 50N lifts a load of 160N, find: (a) MA, (b) efficiency, (c) ideal effort. | 4 |
| What is the principle of conservation of energy? Show that the total energy of a freely falling body is constant. | 4 |
Light
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Draw ray diagrams for image formation by a convex lens when object is: (a) beyond 2F, (b) between F and 2F, (c) at F. | 5 |
| A convex lens of focal length 15cm forms an image at 30cm from the lens. Find object distance and magnification. | 3 |
| What is total internal reflection? State 2 conditions. Give 2 applications. | 3 |
| Explain the working of a simple microscope. Where should the object be placed for maximum magnification? | 3 |
| Explain dispersion of light through a prism. Draw a labelled diagram. | 4 |
Sound
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| What are the characteristics of sound? Explain how pitch and loudness depend on frequency and amplitude. | 3 |
| Explain the working of the human ear with a labelled diagram. | 4 |
| What is an echo? What are the conditions for hearing an echo? A person claps near a cliff and hears echo after 1.5s. Find distance (speed of sound = 340 m/s). | 4 |
Electricity
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| State Ohm's law. Draw V-I graph. Three resistors of 3Ω, 4Ω, 5Ω are connected in parallel to a 12V battery. Find: equivalent resistance, total current, current through each. | 5 |
| Derive the formula for equivalent resistance in: (a) series, (b) parallel. | 4 |
| An electric iron of 1000W is used for 2 hours daily. Calculate electricity consumed in 30 days and cost at ₹5/unit. | 3 |
| Explain the working of a fuse. Why is it connected in series with the live wire? | 3 |
| What is the difference between EMF and terminal voltage? A cell of EMF 2V and internal resistance 0.5Ω is connected to a 4.5Ω resistor. Find current and terminal voltage. | 4 |
ICSE Science chapter-wise practice
Super Tutor has chapter-wise questions for ICSE Class 10 Physics, Chemistry, and Biology — practise with detailed solutions.
Start ICSE Science Practice — FreePaper 1: Chemistry
Acids, Bases & Salts
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Define pH. What is the pH of: (a) pure water, (b) lemon juice, (c) NaOH solution? How does pH change when acid is added to water? | 3 |
| Write balanced equations for: (a) action of dilute HCl on sodium carbonate, (b) action of conc. H₂SO₄ on sodium chloride, (c) neutralisation of NaOH with HCl. | 3 |
| How is washing soda prepared from baking soda? Give the chemical equations. State 2 uses of each. | 4 |
Organic Chemistry
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Write the IUPAC names of: (a) CH₃CH₂OH, (b) CH₃CHO, (c) CH₃COOH, (d) CH₃COCH₃, (e) CH₃CH₂CH₂Br. | 3 |
| What is a homologous series? Give 3 characteristics. Write the general formula for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. | 4 |
| Give the structural formula and one property of: (a) ethanol, (b) ethanoic acid. How do they react with sodium? | 4 |
| What are isomers? Draw 2 isomers of C₄H₁₀ and name them. | 3 |
| What is the difference between addition and substitution reactions? Give one example of each with equation. | 3 |
Metallurgy & Mole Concept
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Describe the extraction of aluminium from bauxite (Hall-Héroult process) with equations. | 5 |
| Calculate the number of moles and molecules in 11g of CO₂ (C=12, O=16). | 3 |
| What volume of oxygen at STP is required for complete combustion of 2 litres of propane (C₃H₈)? | 3 |
| What is an alloy? Give the composition and one use of: (a) brass, (b) stainless steel, (c) bronze. | 3 |
Analytical Chemistry
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| How would you identify using a single reagent: (a) dilute HCl and dilute H₂SO₄, (b) NaCl and NaNO₃, (c) MnO₂ and CuO? | 3 |
| A gas turns lime water milky. On passing excess, the solution becomes clear. Identify the gas and write equations for both reactions. | 3 |
| Write the action of NaOH on: (a) ammonium chloride (warm), (b) ferric chloride, (c) lead nitrate. Identify the precipitate/gas in each. | 3 |
Paper 2: Biology
Genetics & Evolution
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Explain Mendel's monohybrid cross using tall and dwarf pea plants. Draw Punnett square and state F1 and F2 ratios. | 5 |
| How is the sex of a child determined in humans? Explain with a diagram. | 3 |
| Define: (a) genotype, (b) phenotype, (c) homozygous, (d) heterozygous, (e) allele. | 3 |
| What are sex-linked diseases? Explain the inheritance of colour blindness with a cross. | 4 |
Human Physiology
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart. Describe the double circulation of blood. | 5 |
| Draw a labelled diagram of a nephron. Describe the process of urine formation (glomerular filtration, reabsorption, secretion). | 5 |
| Draw a labelled diagram of the human eye. Explain accommodation. What causes: (a) myopia, (b) hypermetropia? How are they corrected? | 5 |
| Draw a neuron. Label: (a) cell body, (b) dendrite, (c) axon, (d) myelin sheath, (e) nerve ending. What is a synapse? | 4 |
| Differentiate between: (a) arteries and veins, (b) RBC and WBC, (c) voluntary and involuntary muscles. | 3 |
Plant Physiology & Reproduction
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Describe the process of photosynthesis. Write the overall equation. What are the factors affecting photosynthesis? | 5 |
| Draw a labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower. Name the male and female reproductive parts. | 4 |
| Explain the process of pollination. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination. | 3 |
| What is transpiration? State 3 advantages and 2 disadvantages. What factors affect the rate of transpiration? | 4 |
| Describe 3 types of asexual reproduction in plants with examples. | 3 |
Cell Biology & Environment
| Question | Marks |
|---|---|
| Draw a labelled diagram of an animal cell. What is the difference between plant cell and animal cell? (5 points) | 4 |
| Describe the stages of mitosis with diagrams. What is the significance of mitosis? | 5 |
| What is an ecosystem? Describe the components. Draw a food chain with 4 trophic levels. | 4 |
| What is the greenhouse effect? Name 3 greenhouse gases. How does it lead to global warming? | 3 |
Must-Draw Diagrams (Both Papers)
| Paper | Diagrams |
|---|---|
| Physics | Circuit diagrams, ray diagrams (mirror & lens), electric motor, human ear, prism dispersion |
| Chemistry | Electrolysis setup, extraction of aluminium, laboratory preparation of gases |
| Biology | Human heart, nephron, neuron, eye, ear, flower (L.S.), animal cell, plant cell, mitosis stages |
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Start Revising — FreeQuestions based on CISCE ICSE specimen papers and previous year papers (2015–2025). ICSE papers have internal choice in Section B — use this to your advantage by preparing your strongest chapters thoroughly. Check cisce.org for latest specimen papers. Last updated: February 2026.
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Start preparing — freeFrequently Asked Questions
How is ICSE Science different from CBSE?
ICSE Science has 2 separate papers: Paper 1 (Physics + Chemistry, 80 marks, 2 hours) and Paper 2 (Biology, 80 marks, 2 hours). CBSE combines all three in one paper. ICSE goes deeper in each subject and has more application-based questions. Both have Section A (compulsory) and Section B (choice).
Which ICSE Science chapters are most important?
Physics: Electricity (most numericals), Light (ray diagrams), Force & Machines. Chemistry: Acids/Bases/Salts, Organic Chemistry (IUPAC naming), Mole Concept. Biology: Genetics (Mendel's cross), Human Physiology (heart, nephron diagrams), Reproduction. These chapters appear in almost every paper.
Are diagrams important in ICSE Science?
Extremely important — 15-20 marks across both papers come from diagrams. Must-draw: electric circuits, ray diagrams, human heart, nephron, neuron, eye, ear, flower, and cell division stages. ICSE expects neat, large, well-labelled diagrams. Use pencil for drawing, pen for labelling.
How to score 90+ in ICSE Science?
Strategy: (1) Master all diagrams — practise drawing from memory. (2) Solve 10+ previous year papers per paper (PYQs repeat styles). (3) For Chemistry: learn all equations with balancing and conditions. (4) For Physics: practise 20+ numericals per chapter. (5) For Biology: memorise definitions and differences in NCERT/textbook language.