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Querying and SQL Functions

CBSE · Class 12 · Informatics Practices

Quick revision notes for Querying and SQL Functions — CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

111 questions84 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. SQL Functions

  • SQL functions are categorised into Single row functions and Aggregate functions based on whether they act on one or multiple rows.
  • Single row functions are also known as Scalar functions.
  • Single row functions can be used in SELECT, WHERE, and ORDER BY clauses.
2

2. String and Date Functions

  • UCASE or UPPER converts a string into uppercase.
  • LOWER or LCASE converts a string into lowercase.
  • MID, SUBSTRING, and SUBSTR return a substring from a given position.
3

3. Aggregate Functions and GROUP BY

  • MAX returns the largest value from a specified column.
  • MIN returns the smallest value from a specified column.
  • AVG returns the average of values in a specified column.
4

4. Operations on Relations

  • UNION, INTERSECT and MINUS are binary operations on relations.
  • These operations work only when both relations have the same number of attributes and matching domains on corresponding attributes.
  • UNION combines selected rows of two tables and removes duplicates that appear in both tables.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Single row functions work on onePOWER(XString functions work on character dataNOW() returns the current system dateAggregate functions are also called multiple

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Querying and SQL Functions for CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices?
Querying and SQL Functions covers several key topics that are frequently asked in CBSE Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Querying and SQL Functions — CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 111 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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