Conquering the Summit

Note: The icons in the image cannot be seen directly, but based on the chapter theme 'Conquering the Summit' (Travel and Adventure), the icons most likely represent adventure activities such as:
1. Mountain climbing / Trekking
2. River rafting
3. Camping
4. Scuba diving / Swimming
5. Snow skiing

Students should look at each icon carefully and name the adventure sport or activity it depicts, then share their answers with classmates and the teacher.

People undertake adventure activities for several reasons:
- Thrill and excitement: Adventure sports provide an adrenaline rush that everyday activities cannot offer.
- Physical fitness: These activities help build strength, stamina, and overall health.
- Mental strength: Overcoming challenges in adventure sports builds confidence and mental resilience.
- Love of nature: Many people enjoy exploring natural landscapes like mountains, rivers, and forests.
- Personal achievement: Completing a difficult activity gives a great sense of accomplishment.
- Stress relief: Being in nature and engaging in physical activity helps reduce stress and anxiety.

People prepare for adventure activities in the following ways:
- Physical training: They build stamina and strength through regular exercise, running, and gym workouts.
- Learning skills: They take professional training or coaching specific to the activity (e.g., swimming lessons for scuba diving, climbing lessons for mountaineering).
- Gathering equipment: They collect the necessary gear and equipment required for the activity.
- Research: They study the terrain, weather conditions, and routes before undertaking the activity.
- Medical check-up: They ensure they are physically fit and healthy.
- Joining a team or club: They connect with experienced people or join adventure clubs for guidance and support.

Sample Answer:
I find trekking the most exciting activity among all the adventure sports.

Trekking allows a person to explore beautiful natural landscapes — mountains, forests, and valleys — up close. Every trek is a new adventure with different terrains and challenges. It does not require very expensive equipment, yet it tests both physical endurance and mental strength. The feeling of reaching the top of a hill or mountain after hours of walking is incredibly rewarding. Trekking also teaches patience, teamwork, and perseverance. The breathtaking views from the top make all the effort worthwhile.

*(Note: Students may choose any activity and give their own reasons. The answer will vary from student to student.)

Note: The word web image cannot be seen, but based on the chapter theme of adventure and mountaineering, a typical word web might be centred around a word like 'Adventure' or 'Mountain Climbing'. A sample completed word web is given below:

Central Word: Adventure

Associated words/phrases that can fill the web:
- Trekking
- Courage
- Excitement
- Risk
- Exploration
- Physical fitness
- Teamwork
- Nature
- Challenge
- Achievement

Students should fill in the word web with words related to the central theme and share with their teacher.

Explanation:
A 'beacon' is a source of light that guides people in darkness. When we say Arunima Sinha is a 'beacon of hope and resilience,' it means she is an inspiring example for people who are going through difficult times.

Arunima lost her leg in a tragic train accident, yet she did not give up on life. Instead, she set herself the extraordinary goal of climbing Mount Everest — the highest peak in the world — with a prosthetic leg. Her determination and refusal to be defeated by her disability give hope to millions of people who face hardships. She shows the world that no obstacle is too great if one has the will to overcome it. Her life story encourages others to be resilient, that is, to bounce back from difficulties and keep moving forward.

Explanation:
This statement highlights Arunima's extraordinary courage and determination. Most people, after losing a leg in a terrible accident, would focus only on recovery and adjusting to their new life. However, Arunima chose to do something that even able-bodied people find extremely difficult — climb Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain.

The word 'despite' is key here. It means that the loss of her leg was a huge challenge, but it did not stop her. She got a prosthetic (artificial) leg and trained rigorously under the guidance of legendary mountaineer Bachendri Pal. Her decision shows that physical limitations need not limit one's dreams. She proved that the strength of the mind and spirit can overcome even the greatest physical challenges.

Explanation:
Bachendri Pal is a legendary Indian mountaineer who was the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest. Her guidance was 'crucial,' meaning absolutely essential and very important, in Arunima's success.

When Arunima decided to climb Everest, she needed expert training and emotional support. Bachendri Pal provided both. She trained Arunima physically and mentally for the gruelling climb. Most importantly, she instilled confidence in Arunima by telling her that she had already 'conquered the Everest within her' — meaning she had already won the inner battle of self-doubt and fear. Without Bachendri Pal's expert mentorship, encouragement, and belief in Arunima's abilities, Arunima's dream might not have become a reality. A good mentor can make all the difference in a person's journey to success.

Explanation:
Physical endurance means the ability to sustain prolonged physical effort. Climbing Mount Everest certainly requires tremendous physical strength and endurance. However, this statement tells us that Arunima's achievements are much more than just a physical feat.

Arunima's achievements include:
- Inspiring millions: Her story motivates people with disabilities and those facing hardships to never give up.
- Changing mindsets: She has shown the world that a person with a disability can achieve what many able-bodied people cannot.
- Spreading a powerful message: Her words — 'Never give up and work hard. Always remember your goal' — have become a source of motivation for people worldwide.
- Recognition: She received an honorary doctorate from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK, recognising her as a role model.
- Writing her autobiography: Her book *Born Again on the Mountain* has inspired countless readers.

Thus, her impact is emotional, social, and inspirational — far beyond just the physical act of climbing a mountain.

Explanation:
Arunima's autobiography is titled *Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything and Finding It Back*. This book tells the true story of how Arunima went from being a victim of a horrific train accident — where she lost her leg — to becoming the first female amputee to climb Mount Everest.

The book inspires readers around the world because:
- It is a real story of triumph over tragedy, which makes it deeply relatable and moving.
- It shows that setbacks and failures are not the end — they can be the beginning of something extraordinary.
- Arunima's message — 'Failure is not when we fall short of achieving our goals. It is when we don't have goals worthy enough' — challenges readers to dream bigger and work harder.
- People from all walks of life, whether they face physical challenges, emotional difficulties, or professional setbacks, can find hope and courage in her story.
- The book proves that the human spirit has an incredible capacity to rise above the most challenging circumstances.

Bachendri Pal said that Arunima had conquered the Everest within her because she had made the courageous decision to climb Mount Everest with a prosthetic leg, overcoming her inner fears, self-doubt, and the mental barriers created by her disability. The greatest challenge for any person who has suffered a devastating loss is to overcome the fear and hopelessness within themselves. By deciding to attempt the climb despite her physical limitation, Arunima had already won the most important battle — the one within her own mind and heart.

After hearing Bachendri Pal's encouraging words, Arunima would have felt:
- Deeply motivated and confident: Bachendri Pal's words — that she had already conquered the Everest within herself — would have filled Arunima with a renewed sense of belief in her own abilities.
- Emotionally moved: Being told by a legendary mountaineer that her inner strength was already extraordinary would have been very touching and emotional.
- Determined: Her resolve to complete the climb would have become even stronger.
- Reassured: Any lingering self-doubt or fear would have been replaced by a sense of reassurance that she was on the right path.

In short, Bachendri Pal's words would have acted as a powerful boost to Arunima's confidence and determination.

The phrase '52 exhausting days' shows that reaching the summit of Mount Everest was extremely tiring.

The word 'exhausting' directly means something that drains all one's energy and strength. The fact that it took 52 such exhausting days highlights the immense physical and mental effort required to complete the climb.

Correct Option: (iv) I finally realised my dream

Justification: An 'overwhelming sense of achievement' is a feeling that comes *after* successfully completing a long-cherished goal. Options (i) and (ii) refer to future actions or present confidence, and option (iii) refers to the beginning of the climb. Only option (iv) — 'I finally realised my dream' — correctly captures the emotion of having accomplished something one had worked very hard for over a long period of time. The word 'finally' also reflects the long and difficult journey of 52 exhausting days that preceded the moment of success.

In order to fulfill her ambition of conquering Mount Everest, Arunima took the following steps:

1. Set a clear goal: After her tragic accident in which she lost her leg, Arunima made a firm vow to climb Mount Everest, turning her pain into purpose.
2. Got a prosthetic leg: She adapted to life with an artificial leg and did not let her physical disability become a barrier to her dreams.
3. Sought expert guidance: She trained under the legendary mountaineer Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest, who provided her with rigorous physical training and emotional support.
4. Trained rigorously: She underwent intense and demanding physical training to prepare her body for the extreme conditions of high-altitude mountaineering.
5. Maintained a positive mindset: She kept her goal firmly in mind, never giving up despite the enormous challenges she faced.
6. Persevered through 52 exhausting days: She endured 52 gruelling days of climbing before finally reaching the summit on 21 May 2013.

Her journey is a testament to the power of determination, hard work, and an unwavering belief in one's goals.

The statement that 'Arunima is a beacon of hope and resilience' is strongly supported by the following evidence from the text:

1. Overcoming a devastating accident: Arunima suffered a horrific accident when she was pushed from a moving train by thieves. She lost her leg as a result. Despite this life-altering tragedy, she did not give up on life or her dreams. This shows her resilience.

2. Setting an extraordinary goal: Instead of being defeated by her disability, she made a vow to climb Mount Everest — the highest peak in the world — with a prosthetic leg. This gives hope to millions that no obstacle is insurmountable.

3. Achieving her goal: On 21 May 2013, after 52 exhausting days, she reached the summit of Mount Everest, becoming the first female amputee to do so. This achievement is a beacon of hope for people with disabilities worldwide.

4. Her inspiring message: Her words — 'Never give up and work hard. Always remember your goal and work on it' — inspire people facing difficulties to keep striving.

5. Recognition: She was conferred an honorary doctorate, showing that her resilience and achievements are recognised and celebrated globally.

Thus, Arunima's life and achievements make her a true beacon of hope and resilience.

The title *Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything and Finding It Back* is highly appropriate for Arunima's autobiography for the following reasons:

1. 'Born Again on the Mountain': This phrase suggests a new beginning. When Arunima reached the summit of Mount Everest, it was not just a physical achievement — it was a rebirth of her spirit, confidence, and identity. She had been broken by her accident, but the mountain gave her a new life and a new sense of self. Just as a person is 'born' into the world, Arunima was 'born again' as a stronger, more determined individual through her mountaineering journey.

2. 'A Story of Losing Everything': Arunima literally lost her leg in the accident. She also lost her sense of security, her physical wholeness, and perhaps her confidence for a time. The phrase captures the depth of her loss.

3. 'Finding It Back': Through sheer determination, hard work, and the support of mentors like Bachendri Pal, Arunima found back not just her confidence and purpose, but also her identity and self-worth. She found something even greater — a place in history as the first female amputee to climb Everest.

The title beautifully captures the arc of Arunima's journey from tragedy to triumph, making it a perfect and deeply meaningful title for her autobiography.

Arunima's statement — 'Failure is when we don't have goals worthy enough' — would have a profound and positive impact on readers in the following ways:

1. Redefining failure: Most people think of failure as not achieving a goal. Arunima's statement challenges this idea by suggesting that the real failure is not having a meaningful goal in the first place. This would make readers rethink their understanding of success and failure.

2. Encouraging bigger dreams: Readers would be inspired to set higher, more meaningful goals for themselves rather than settling for easy or small ambitions.

3. Reducing fear of failure: By shifting the definition of failure, Arunima's words would reduce the fear of not succeeding. Readers would understand that attempting a worthy goal — even if they fall short — is not failure.

4. Motivating action: The statement would push readers to identify goals that truly matter to them and work hard towards achieving them.

5. Building resilience: Readers would be encouraged to view setbacks as part of the journey rather than as the end, fostering a more resilient and positive mindset.

In summary, this statement would inspire readers to dream bigger, work harder, and face challenges with courage and determination.

The correct matching of the underlined phrases with their meanings is as follows:

| Sentence | Underlined Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| (i) | exhausting days | 3. periods of time filled with tiring and demanding activities |
| (ii) | heartfelt attempts | 1. genuine, sincere efforts |
| (iii) | life-altering event | 4. an incident or experience that significantly changes a person's life |
| (iv) | mental fortitude | 2. strength of mind |
| (v) | beacon of hope | 5. a source of inspiration or encouragement |

The completed table is as follows:

| Nouns | Adjectives | Verbs (present) | Adverbs |
|---|---|---|---|
| determination | determined | determine | determinedly |
| relief | relieved | relieve | relievedly |
| inspiration | inspiring | inspire | inspiringly |
| resistance | resistant | resist | resistantly |
| success | successful | succeed | successfully |

Explanation:
- relief → relieved (adj.): 'Relieved' describes the feeling of being free from anxiety or distress. 'Relieve' is the verb form.
- inspiration (noun): The noun form corresponding to the adjective 'inspiring' and verb 'inspire'.
- inspiringly (adverb): Formed by adding '-ly' to the adjective 'inspiring'.
- resistance → resistant (adj.): 'Resistant' means showing resistance or opposition. 'Resist' is the verb form.
- success → succeed (verb): The verb form of the noun 'success'. The adverb form is 'successfully'.

Concept: 'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles used before nouns mentioned for the first time or in a general sense. 'The' is the definite article used before specific or previously mentioned nouns. 'X' (no article) is used before uncountable nouns used in a general sense.

The filled passage is:

We planned (i) an adventurous trip to (ii) a remote island. (iii) The island was known for its beautiful landscapes and (iv) x diverse wildlife. On (v) the first day, we set out to explore (vi) the island's dense jungle. (vii) A guide led us through (viii) the thick foliage and showed us (ix) a hidden waterfall. In (x) the evening, we gathered around (xi) a campfire to share stories and enjoy (xii) the meal we cooked. (xiii) The experience was truly unforgettable, and we felt (xiv) a connection with (xv) x nature.

Explanations:
- (i) an — 'adventurous' begins with a vowel sound /æ/, so 'an' is used.
- (ii) a — 'remote island' is mentioned for the first time; 'remote' begins with a consonant sound.
- (iii) the — the island has already been mentioned, so the definite article is used.
- (iv) x — 'diverse wildlife' is used in a general sense; no article needed.
- (v) the — 'first day' refers to a specific day.
- (vi) the — refers to the specific island already mentioned.
- (vii) a — 'guide' is mentioned for the first time.
- (viii) the — refers to the specific foliage of that jungle.
- (ix) a — 'hidden waterfall' is mentioned for the first time.
- (x) the — 'evening' refers to the specific evening of that day.
- (xi) a — 'campfire' is mentioned for the first time.
- (xii) the — refers to the specific meal they cooked.
- (xiii) The — refers to the specific experience just described.
- (xiv) a — 'connection' is used in a general, indefinite sense.
- (xv) x — 'nature' is used as an uncountable noun in a general sense; no article needed.

Concept: The choice of article depends on the sound of the word that follows. 'An' is used before vowel sounds; 'a' before consonant sounds. 'The' is used before specific, unique, or superlative nouns. No article is used before proper nouns used generally, but 'the' is used before names of rivers, mountain ranges, and unique things.

(i) Error: 'a hour' → Correction: 'an hour'
Reason: The word 'hour' begins with a silent 'h', so the first sound is a vowel sound /aʊ/. Therefore, 'an' must be used.
✅ *We waited for an hour before the bus finally arrived.*

(ii) Error: 'an uniform' → Correction: 'a uniform'
Reason: The word 'uniform' begins with the letter 'u' but the first sound is a consonant sound /juː/ (like 'you'). Therefore, 'a' must be used.
✅ *The guide insisted on a uniform jacket for the group's safety during the trek.*

(iii) Error: 'a second highest' → Correction: 'the second highest'
Reason: Superlative expressions (second highest, tallest, best, etc.) always take the definite article 'the'.
✅ *Mount K2 is the second highest peak in the world.*

(iv) Error: 'A Ganga' → Correction: 'The Ganga'
Reason: Names of rivers always take the definite article 'the' (e.g., the Ganga, the Nile, the Amazon).
✅ *The Ganga is a sacred river in India, known for its cultural importance.*

(v) Error: 'a brave' → Correction: 'the brave'
Reason: When an adjective is used as a noun to refer to a group of people (e.g., the brave, the poor, the rich), the definite article 'the' is used.
✅ *Challenges are faced with courage and determination by the brave.*

(vi) Error: 'A North Star' → Correction: 'The North Star'
Reason: 'The North Star' is a unique, specific celestial object. Unique or one-of-a-kind nouns take the definite article 'the'.
✅ *The North Star has guided travellers for centuries.*

Note: This is a listening activity. The transcript is available for the teacher on page 177 of the textbook. Students must listen to the audio carefully and then match each statement with the correct speaker.

Instructions for students:
- Listen to each speaker attentively.
- Note the key points each speaker makes.
- Match the statement that best describes what each speaker says.
- Remember: three statements are extra and will not be matched to any speaker.

Sample/Expected Answers (based on typical listening activity patterns for this chapter):

| Statements | Speaker no. |
|---|---|
| 1. Talks about having basic activities in adventure sports | Speaker (iii) |
| 2. Finds adventure sports thrilling and exciting | Speaker (i) |
| 3. Praises the availability of a variety of activities | Speaker (ii) |
| 4. Expresses concern about the risks in adventure sports | Speaker (iv) |
| 5. Promotes trekking as a casual sport | Extra |
| 6. Invites applications from first-timers | Extra |
| 7. Focuses on the availability of training and supervision | Speaker (v) |
| 8. Finds exposure to risks unnecessary | Extra |

*(Note: The exact answers depend on the audio transcript. Students should refer to the transcript on page 177 and match accordingly after listening.)*

Note: This is a speaking activity to be done in groups of four. Below are sample speeches for each role to guide students.

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Role 1 — School Student:
'In my opinion, Physical Education should definitely be included in school activities. One reason for this is that it keeps us physically fit and healthy. I believe that sports and physical activities also help us build confidence and learn teamwork. From my point of view, sitting in classrooms all day is tiring, and PE gives us a fun and enjoyable break. I agree with the idea that a healthy body leads to a healthy mind.'

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Role 2 — Parent:
'From my point of view, I support my child participating in Physical Education activities. I believe that sports teach children discipline, perseverance, and how to overcome fear. However, I do have some concern about safety. I find it hard to agree with activities that involve unnecessary risks without proper precautions. I support this perspective because I want my child to have unique experiences while staying safe.'

---
Role 3 — Physical Education Teacher:
'In my opinion, Physical Education is one of the most valuable parts of a student's education. I believe that sports build confidence, improve health, and teach students to work as a team. From my point of view, the skills learned on the sports field — like perseverance and leadership — are just as important as academic skills. I agree with the idea that every student should have the opportunity to participate and explore their physical potential.'

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Role 4 — Sports Camp Organiser:
'I believe that sports camps are extremely beneficial for young participants. We ensure safety by taking all necessary precautions — trained coaches, proper equipment, and supervised activities. From my point of view, adventure sports help young people overcome fear and build resilience. I disagree with the notion that sports are too risky; with the right training and supervision, they are safe, thrilling, and enjoyable. I invite everyone to participate and have unique experiences.'

The components of the formal letter are identified as follows:

| Part of the Letter | Component Name |
|---|---|
| Sreelakshmi's address (top left/right) | Sender's Address |
| The date below the sender's address | Date |
| The Principal's address | Receiver's Address |
| 'School' (name of the school) | School |
| 'Subject: Request to join Adventure Club' | Subject |
| 'Madam/Sir,' | Salutation |
| 'I am Sreelakshmi, a student of Grade 7-C. I am interested in adventure activities like trekking, hiking, rope climbing, and exploring sites of natural beauty.' | Introduction / Expression of Interest |
| 'I would love to be a part of the Adventure Club of the school and participate in the adventure activities organised.' | Statement of Request / Expression of Interest |
| 'I request you to grant me permission to join the club.' | Statement of Request |
| 'Yours sincerely,' | Complimentary Close |
| 'Sreelakshmi' | Signature Line |

Sample Formal Letter:

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[Your Name]
[Your Class and Section]
[Name of Your School]
[City, State – PIN Code]

Date: [DD Month YYYY]

The Principal
[Name of Your School]
[City, State – PIN Code]

Subject: Request to organise an excursion to a nearby hill station for Grade 7 students

Dear Madam/Sir,

I am [Your Name], a student of Grade 7-[Section]. I am writing this letter on behalf of the students of Grade 7 to make a humble request.

We would be very grateful if the school could organise an educational excursion to a nearby hill station for the students of Grade 7. Such a trip would give us the opportunity to explore the natural beauty of our surroundings, learn about the local geography and ecology, and experience the joy of being in nature. It would also provide a welcome break from our regular academic routine and help us bond with our classmates and teachers.

We assure you that we will follow all the rules and guidelines set by the school during the excursion. We request you to kindly consider our appeal and make the necessary arrangements at your earliest convenience.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours sincerely,

[Your Name]
Grade 7-[Section]
[Roll Number]

---

Key components used:
- Sender's Address
- Date
- Receiver's Address
- Subject
- Salutation
- Introduction
- Body (reason for writing / statement of request)
- Expression of interest and assurance
- Complimentary close
- Signature line

The completed table is as follows:

| Name | Area | Preferred Time of the Year | Equipment Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| snow skiing | Snow-covered hills and mountain slopes (e.g., Gulmarg in Kashmir, Auli in Uttarakhand, Solang Valley in Himachal Pradesh) | December to February (Winter) | Skis, ski suit, ski boots, ski poles, helmet, goggles, gloves |
| trekking | Mountain trails, forests, and valleys (e.g., Himalayas, Western Ghats, Sahyadri ranges) | Spring, Autumn, Winter | Trekking pole, sturdy boots, backpack, water bottle, first-aid kit, warm clothing |
| camping | Grassy areas, forests, hillsides, and near rivers (e.g., Rishikesh, Coorg, Manali) | Spring and Autumn (October–November and March–May) | Tent, torch/flashlight, sleeping bag, first-aid kit, cooking equipment, warm clothing |
| river rafting | Rivers with rapids (e.g., Ganga in Rishikesh, Beas in Kullu, Teesta in Sikkim, Zanskar in Ladakh) | All year round | Life jacket, helmet, paddle, raft, waterproof clothing |
| scuba diving | Coastal areas and coral reefs (e.g., Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Goa, Netrani Island in Karnataka) | October to May (when the sea is calm) | Scuba suit, mask, fins, oxygen tank/cylinder, regulator, buoyancy control device (BCD), underwater torch |

Note: This is a project/research activity. Students should research and prepare their own booklets. Below are fact sheets for five famous Indian mountaineers to guide students.

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FACT SHEET 1
- Name: Bachendri Pal
- Place of Birth: Nakuri, Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
- Profession: Mountaineer, Trainer at Tata Steel Adventure Foundation
- Training Received: Trained at Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (NIM), Uttarkashi
- Sport Known For: Mountaineering
- Accomplishments: First Indian woman to climb Mount Everest (23 May 1984); Padma Shri (1984); Padma Bhushan (2019); Arjuna Award

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FACT SHEET 2
- Name: Arunima Sinha
- Place of Birth: Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
- Profession: Mountaineer, Social Activist
- Training Received: Trained under Bachendri Pal at Tata Steel Adventure Foundation
- Sport Known For: Mountaineering
- Accomplishments: First female amputee to climb Mount Everest (21 May 2013); Padma Shri (2015); Honorary Doctorate from University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

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FACT SHEET 3
- Name: Tenzing Norgay
- Place of Birth: Tengboche, Nepal (considered an Indian mountaineer as he lived in Darjeeling)
- Profession: Mountaineer, Sherpa
- Training Received: Self-trained through years of experience as a high-altitude porter and guide
- Sport Known For: Mountaineering
- Accomplishments: First person (along with Sir Edmund Hillary) to reach the summit of Mount Everest (29 May 1953); Padma Bhushan; George Medal (UK)

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FACT SHEET 4
- Name: Santosh Yadav
- Place of Birth: Joniyawas, Rewari, Haryana
- Profession: Mountaineer, Indian Police Service (IPS) Officer
- Training Received: Trained at Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (NIM), Uttarkashi
- Sport Known For: Mountaineering
- Accomplishments: First woman in the world to climb Mount Everest twice (1992 and 1993); Padma Shri; Arjuna Award

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FACT SHEET 5
- Name: Malli Mastan Babu
- Place of Birth: Bhavani, Andhra Pradesh
- Profession: Civil Engineer, Mountaineer
- Training Received: Self-trained; attended mountaineering courses
- Sport Known For: Mountaineering (Seven Summits)
- Accomplishments: First Indian to climb the Seven Summits (highest peaks on all seven continents) in record time; Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award

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*Students should add photographs (if available), present the fact sheets neatly, and compile them into a booklet.*