Forest Society and Colonialism
CBSE · Class 9 · Social Science
Complete topic list for Forest Society and Colonialism in CBSE Class 9 Social Science. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Get startedTopics in Forest Society and Colonialism
Why Deforestation?
- In 1600, only one-sixth of India's land was under cultivation; now it's about half
- Colonial period saw rapid expansion of cultivation for commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat, and cotton
- Between 1880-1920, cultivated area increased by 6.7 million hectares
The Rise of Commercial Forestry
- Dietrich Brandis invited as first Inspector General of Forests in India
- Indian Forest Service established in 1864
- Indian Forest Act enacted in 1865, amended in 1878 and 1927
Impact on Forest Communities
- Forest Act made everyday practices illegal - cutting wood, grazing cattle, collecting fruits, hunting, fishing
- People forced to steal wood and pay bribes to forest guards
- Women collecting fuelwood especially affected
Bastar Rebellion (1910)
- Bastar located in southernmost Chhattisgarh, borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra
- Communities: Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, Halbas
- People believed each village given land by Earth in exchange for offerings
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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