Cultural Change

Sati, Child marriage, Ban on widow remarriage, Caste discrimination

The 19th century social reform movements primarily targeted sati, child marriage, ban on widow remarriage, and caste discrimination as major social evils. The joint family system was not considered a social evil by reformers.

Humanitarian doctrines, Natural rights doctrines, Hindu shastras

Raja Ram Mohun Roy used a creative combination of modern Western liberal ideas (humanitarian and natural rights doctrines) along with traditional Hindu scriptural authority (shastras) to argue against sati.

Modes of communication, Forms of organisation, Nature of ideas

Sociologist Satish Saberwal identified three key aspects of the modern framework: new modes of communication (printing press, telegraph), modern forms of organisation (like Brahmo Samaj), and the nature of new liberal ideas.

False

Sanskritisation has been criticized for leading to no structural change but only positional change of some individuals. The inequality continues to persist though some individuals may improve their positions within the unequal structure.