Presentation of Data

Makes data presentation attractive and simple, Facilitates easy comparison of characteristics, Saves time, money and labor

Data classification simplifies presentation, enables easy comparison between different characteristics, and reduces the time and effort needed for analysis. It does not increase complexity or make data collection more difficult.

Included in the next class

In exclusive classes, the upper limit is not included in that class but belongs to the succeeding class. For example, in class 30-35, value 35 goes to the next class 35-40.

Manifold classification

Manifold classification is used when data needs to be classified based on multiple attributes simultaneously, such as classifying employees by both gender and department.

Sum of frequencies up to a particular value or class

Cumulative frequency is the running total of frequencies from the beginning up to a particular value or class. It shows how many observations fall below a certain point.