Solutions
Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Complete topic list for Solutions in Gujarat Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Types of Solutions and Basic Concepts
- Solution = Solute + Solvent (homogeneous mixture with uniform properties throughout)
- Solvent: Component present in largest quantity, determines physical state of solution
- Solute: Component(s) present in smaller quantities
Concentration Units and Calculations
- Six major concentration units: Mass %, Volume %, Mass/Volume %, ppm, Mole fraction, Molality
- Mass percentage most common for solid-liquid solutions
- Volume percentage used for liquid-liquid solutions
Solubility and Henry's Law
- Solubility depends on nature of solute-solvent, temperature, and pressure
- For solids in liquids: Generally increases with temperature (endothermic dissolution)
- Pressure has negligible effect on solid-liquid solubility
Raoult's Law and Vapor Pressure
- Vapor pressure of solution < vapor pressure of pure solvent (for non-volatile solute)
- Raoult's Law: Partial vapor pressure ∝ mole fraction
- For volatile liquid solutions: p_total = p₁⁰x₁ + p₂⁰x₂
Key Concepts
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