Time Series
Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Statistics
All formulas from Time Series in Gujarat Board Class 12 Statistics. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.
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Formulas
Method of Least Squares (Linear Trend)
Y = a + bX
b = (n·ΣXY - ΣX·ΣY) / (n·ΣX² - (ΣX)²)
a = (ΣY - b·ΣX) / n
b = ΣXY / ΣX² [when ΣX = 0]
a = ΣY / n [when ΣX = 0]
Method of Moving Averages
3-Yearly Moving Average = (Y₁ + Y₂ + Y₃) / 3
5-Yearly Moving Average = (Y₁+Y₂+Y₃+Y₄+Y₅) / 5
4-Yearly Centered Moving Average = (M₁ + M₂) / 2
4-Yearly Centered MA = (Sum of 8 consecutive values) / 8
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