Heredity
Haryana Board · Class 10 · Science
Flashcards for Heredity — Haryana Board Class 10 Science. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Get startedA tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt). What will be the phenotype of all F1 offspring?
Answer
All F1 offspring will be tall (Tt). Since tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t), even with one copy of the tall allele, the plant will express the tall phenotype. This demonstrates Mendel's law …
Why do children look similar to their parents but not exactly identical?
Answer
Children inherit genetic material from both parents through sexual reproduction. They receive one set of chromosomes from each parent, creating new combinations of genes. This produces similarities (b…
In humans, what determines whether a baby will be a boy or girl?
Answer
The father's sex chromosome determines the baby's sex. Mothers have XX chromosomes and always contribute an X. Fathers have XY chromosomes - if they contribute an X chromosome, the baby is a girl (XX)…
What happens when F1 tall pea plants (Tt) are self-pollinated to produce F2 generation?
Answer
F2 generation shows a 3:1 phenotypic ratio (3 tall : 1 short) and 1:2:1 genotypic ratio (1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt). This demonstrates that the recessive trait (shortness) reappears in F2, proving both trait…
Define dominant and recessive traits with an example.
Answer
Dominant traits are expressed even when present in single copy (heterozygous condition). Recessive traits are expressed only when present in both copies (homozygous condition). Example: In pea plants,…
A plant with round seeds (RR) is crossed with a plant having wrinkled seeds (rr). What will be the F2 phenotypic ratio when F1 plants self-pollinate?
Answer
F2 will show 3:1 ratio (3 round : 1 wrinkled). F1 generation will all be Rr (round seeds). When F1 self-pollinates: RR (round) + 2Rr (round) + rr (wrinkled) = 3 round : 1 wrinkled phenotypic ratio.
How do genes control traits like plant height?
Answer
Genes contain instructions for making proteins, including enzymes. For height, genes control enzymes that produce growth hormones. Efficient enzymes → more hormone → tall plant. Less efficient enzymes…
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Answer
Genotype is the genetic makeup (actual genes present), while phenotype is the observable characteristic (what we see). Example: A tall pea plant can have genotype TT or Tt, but both have the same phen…
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