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The crisis of democratic order

Haryana Board · Class 12 · Political Science

Complete topic list for The crisis of democratic order in Haryana Board Class 12 Political Science. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

45 questions22 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the key political developments and tensions in India from 1967, including Indira Gandhi's rise, bitter party competition, and judiciary-government conflicts.
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4 Topics · Haryana Board Class 12 Political Science

Topics in The crisis of democratic order

1

Background to the Crisis (1973-1975)

  • Economic crisis: Bangladesh refugee crisis (8 million refugees), Indo-Pakistan war (1971), US aid stoppage
  • Severe inflation: 23% in 1973, 30% in 1974 due to oil price increases
  • Agricultural crisis: Monsoon failure (1972-73), 8% decline in food grain output
2

Student Movements and Popular Protests

  • Gujarat Movement (January 1974): Started against price rise, corruption; led to President's rule and Congress defeat in June 1975 elections
  • Bihar Movement (March 1974): Led by Jayaprakash Narayan (JP), demanded 'Total Revolution' and dismissal of Bihar government
  • JP's conditions for leadership: non-violent movement with national appeal
3

Judiciary-Executive Conflict

  • Three main constitutional conflicts: Parliamentary power to abridge Fundamental Rights, curtail right to property, and implementation of Directive Principles
  • Keshavananda Bharati Case (1973): Supreme Court established 'Basic Structure' doctrine
  • Supersession of judges (1973): Government bypassed seniority, appointed A.N. Ray as Chief Justice
4

Declaration and Implementation of Emergency

  • Emergency declared on June 25, 1975 under Article 352 (internal disturbances)
  • JP's call for satyagraha and appeal to army/police not to obey 'illegal orders'
  • Massive demonstration at Ramlila grounds (June 25, 1975)

Key Concepts

India faced severe economic challenges includingStudentA series of constitutional battles betweenJP's leadership of the Bihar movementDeclaration of internal emergency on June

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in The crisis of democratic order for Haryana Board Class 12 Political Science?
The crisis of democratic order covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Haryana Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in The crisis of democratic order — Haryana Board Class 12 Political Science?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 45 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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