Physical Features of India
Haryana Board · Class 9 · Social Science
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Major Physiographic Divisions of India
- India has six major physiographic divisions: Himalayan Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands
- Each division has unique geological formation, relief features, and economic significance
- The physical features complement each other and contribute to India's natural resource wealth
The Himalayan Mountains
- Geologically young fold mountains stretching 2,400 km from Indus to Brahmaputra
- Width varies: 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh
- Three parallel ranges: Himadri (Great Himalayas), Himachal (Lesser Himalayas), Shiwaliks (Outer Himalayas)
The Northern Plains
- Formed by Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra river systems with their tributaries
- Covers 7 lakh sq km, 2,400 km long, 240-320 km broad
- Formed of alluvial soil deposited over millions of years
The Peninsular Plateau
- Tableland of old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks
- Part of ancient Gondwana landmass, oldest landmass of India
- Two divisions: Central Highlands (north of Narmada) and Deccan Plateau (south of Narmada)
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