Force and Laws of Motion

Passengers jerking forward when a bus suddenly stops, A coin falling into a glass when a card is flicked away, Feeling thrown to one side when a car takes a sharp turn

All three correct answers demonstrate inertia: passengers continue moving forward when the bus stops (inertia of motion), the coin stays at rest when the card is removed (inertia of rest), and passengers continue in straight-line motion when the car turns (inertia of motion). Rolling and sliding involve forces acting on objects.

F = ma

Newton's Second Law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma). This law shows the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.

The product of mass and velocity

Momentum (p) is defined as the product of an object's mass (m) and its velocity (v), expressed as p = mv. Momentum has both magnitude and direction, and its SI unit is kg⋅m⋅s⁻¹.

Mass of the object, Velocity of the object

Momentum depends only on mass and velocity (p = mv). The color, shape, and temperature of an object do not directly affect its momentum, although shape might indirectly affect motion through air resistance.