Climate

Latitude, Altitude, Distance from sea, Ocean currents

The six major climatic controls are: latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents, and relief features. Population density is not a climatic control.

Monsoons involve seasonal reversal of winds, Southwest monsoons bring rainfall to India, Northeast trade winds are dry, Monsoons affect the entire Indian subcontinent

Monsoons involve seasonal wind reversal, southwest monsoons bring rain, northeast trade winds are generally dry, and monsoons affect the whole subcontinent. However, monsoons are known for their uncertainties and unpredictability.

Hot, dry winds during summer

Loo refers to strong, gusty, hot, dry winds that blow during the day over north and northwestern India during the summer season. Direct exposure to these winds may even prove to be fatal.

Mawsynram

Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world. It is also reputed for its stalagmite and stalactite caves.