Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
Jharkhand Board · Class 11 · Economics
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What was the primary objective of British colonial rule in India's economy?
Answer
The primary objective was to reduce India to being a raw material supplier for Britain's rapidly expanding modern industrial base, while turning India into a market for finished British products. This…
What percentage of India's population was dependent on agriculture at the time of independence?
Answer
About 85% of India's population lived in villages and derived their livelihood directly or indirectly from agriculture. Despite this large dependence, the agricultural sector experienced stagnation an…
Define the Zamindari system and explain its impact on Indian agriculture.
Answer
The Zamindari system was a land settlement system where zamindars (landlords) collected rent from cultivators. The profits from agriculture went to zamindars instead of actual farmers. This system cau…
What was 'Daccai Muslin' and why was it famous?
Answer
Daccai Muslin was a type of fine cotton textile that originated in Bengal, particularly around Dhaka (now in Bangladesh). The finest variety was called 'malmal' or 'malmal shahi.' It gained worldwide …
What was the growth rate of India's aggregate real output during the first half of the 20th century?
Answer
India's growth of aggregate real output was less than 2% per year, with a meager 0.5% growth in per capita output per year. This extremely low growth rate indicated the stagnant nature of the Indian e…
Explain the two-fold motive behind British deindustrialization policy in India.
Answer
1. To reduce India to a mere exporter of raw materials for Britain's modern industries 2. To turn India into a sprawling market for finished British products, ensuring continued expansion of British i…
When and where were the first modern industries established in India?
Answer
Modern industry began in the second half of the 19th century, initially with cotton and jute textile mills. Cotton mills (dominated by Indians) were in Maharashtra and Gujarat, while jute mills (domin…
What is meant by 'capital goods industry' and why was its absence significant?
Answer
Capital goods industry produces machine tools that are used for manufacturing articles for current consumption. India lacked this industry under British rule, which meant there was no foundation for f…
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