Human Memory
Jharkhand Board · Class 11 · Psychology
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What is memory and what are its three main stages?
Answer
Memory refers to retaining and recalling information over a period of time. The three main stages are: 1. Encoding - Recording and registering information for the first time 2. Storage - Retaining inf…
According to the Stage Model of Memory, what are the three memory systems and their key characteristics?
Answer
The three memory systems are: 1. Sensory Memory - Large capacity, very short duration (less than 1 second), registers exact replica of stimuli 2. Short-term Memory (STM) - Limited capacity (7±2 items)…
What is the difference between iconic and echoic memory?
Answer
Both are types of sensory memory: - Iconic Memory: Visual sensory register that holds visual information (like visual after-images when a bulb is switched off) - Echoic Memory: Auditory sensory regist…
What are control processes in memory and give three examples?
Answer
Control processes monitor the flow of information through memory stores. Three examples are: 1. Selective Attention - Decides what information moves from sensory registers to STM 2. Maintenance Rehear…
Explain chunking with an example.
Answer
Chunking combines smaller units into larger meaningful chunks to expand STM capacity. Example: To remember the digits 194719492004, you can chunk them as: - 1947 (India's independence) - 1949 (Indian …
What is the difference between maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal?
Answer
Maintenance Rehearsal: - Simple repetition to maintain information in STM - Information is lost when repetition stops Elaborative Rehearsal: - Connects new information to existing knowledge in LTM - …
What is Working Memory and what are its three components according to Baddeley?
Answer
Working Memory is a multicomponent system that holds and manipulates information during cognitive tasks. Its three components are: 1. Phonological Loop - Holds limited sounds, decays in 2 seconds with…
According to Levels of Processing theory, what are the three levels of processing information?
Answer
The three levels of processing by Craik and Lockhart are: 1. Structural Level (Shallowest) - Physical features like shape, color of letters 2. Phonetic Level (Intermediate) - Sound features of words 3…
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