The Constitution and Social Change
Jharkhand Board · Class 12 · Sociology
Flashcards for The Constitution and Social Change — Jharkhand Board Class 12 Sociology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Explore the full setWhat is the fundamental difference between law and justice?
Answer
Law derives its essence from force - it carries the means to coerce obedience with state power behind it. Justice derives its essence from fairness. While law functions through hierarchy of authoritie…
How has Article 21 (Right to Life and Liberty) been interpreted by the Supreme Court?
Answer
The Supreme Court has expanded Article 21 beyond mere survival to include all aspects of quality life: livelihood, health, shelter, education, and dignity. It has been used to provide relief to tortur…
What does 'Panchayati Raj' literally mean and what is its purpose?
Answer
'Panchayati Raj' literally means 'Governance by five individuals'. Its purpose is to ensure functioning and vibrant democracy at the village or grassroots level, promoting local self-governance and de…
Why did Dr. Ambedkar initially oppose the inclusion of panchayats in the Constitution?
Answer
Dr. Ambedkar argued that local elites and upper castes were so well entrenched in society that local self-government would only mean continuing exploitation of the downtrodden masses. Upper castes wou…
What was Gandhi's vision of village governance?
Answer
Gandhiji envisaged each village as a self-sufficient unit conducting its own affairs. He saw 'gram-swarajya' (village self-rule) as an ideal model to be continued after independence, with villages bei…
Describe the three-tier structure of Panchayati Raj Institution.
Answer
The structure is pyramid-shaped: At the base is Gram Sabha (entire body of village citizens), which elects local government. The three tiers are: 1) Gram Panchayat (village level), 2) Panchayat Samiti…
What are the key provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment (1992)?
Answer
Key provisions: 1) Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions, 2) Mandatory elections every 5 years, 3) Three-tier system for states with 20+ lakh population, 4) Reservation for SC/ST and 33…
What is the significance of women's reservation in Panchayati Raj institutions?
Answer
One-third seats reserved for women (17% for SC/ST women) in all elected local bodies. The 1993-94 elections brought 800,000 women into political processes in a single election, significantly enfranchi…
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