Periodic Table And Electron Configuration

Based on wave

Based on wave-particle duality of electrons and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Electrons exist in regions of maximum probability called orbitals,

Four quantum numbers describe electron characteristics

Four quantum numbers describe electron characteristics: Principal quantum number (n) - energy levels/shells (1,2,3,4...); Azimuthal quantum number (l)

Orbitals are regions of maximum electron

Orbitals are regions of maximum electron probability. s-orbital is spherical (1 orbital), p-orbitals are dumbbell-shaped (3 orbitals), d-orbitals have

Electrons fill orbitals in order

Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy: (n+l) rule determines energy order. When (n+l) values are equal, higher n value has more energy

s

s-block: Groups 1-2, outermost electrons in s-orbitals (ns¹⁻²); p-block: Groups 13-18, outermost electrons in p-orbitals (ns²np¹⁻⁶); d-block: Groups 3