Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Manipur Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
Complete topic list for Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties in Manipur Board Class 11 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Historical Development of Periodic Classification
- Johann Dobereiner (1829): Proposed Law of Triads - groups of three elements with similar properties where the middle element's atomic weight was approximately the average of the other two
- Examples of triads: Li-Na-K (7-23-39), Ca-Sr-Ba (40-88-137), Cl-Br-I (35.5-80-127)
- John Newlands (1865): Law of Octaves - every eighth element had properties similar to the first, like musical octaves
Modern Periodic Law and Table Structure
- Henry Moseley (1913): Discovered that atomic number, not atomic weight, is the fundamental property
- Modern Periodic Law: Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
- Modern Periodic Table has 7 periods (horizontal rows) and 18 groups (vertical columns)
Electronic Configuration and Periodic Table
- Element's position in periodic table directly relates to its electronic configuration
- Period indicates the outermost principal energy level (n value)
- Number of elements in periods: 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32 (theoretical)
Classification into s, p, d, f Blocks
- s-block: Groups 1-2, outer configuration ns¹⁻²
- p-block: Groups 13-18, outer configuration ns²np¹⁻⁶
- d-block: Groups 3-12, outer configuration (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns⁰⁻²
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