Interior of the Earth
Meghalaya Board · Class 11 · Geography
Flashcards for Interior of the Earth — Meghalaya Board Class 11 Geography. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What are the main methods scientists use to study Earth's interior since direct observation is impossible?
Answer
Scientists study Earth's interior through: 1) Direct evidence from mining and drilling projects (up to 12 km depth), 2) Analysis of volcanic eruptions and magma, 3) Study of meteors, 4) Indirect evide…
Define earthquake and explain why earthquakes occur.
Answer
An earthquake is the shaking of Earth caused by release of energy. It occurs when rocks along a fault (sharp break in crustal rocks) try to move in opposite directions. Friction initially locks them t…
What is the difference between focus (hypocentre) and epicentre of an earthquake?
Answer
Focus (or hypocentre) is the point inside Earth where energy is released and earthquake originates. Epicentre is the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus - it's the first point to experie…
Compare P-waves and S-waves in terms of speed, materials they travel through, and wave motion.
Answer
P-waves: Faster (primary waves), travel through gaseous, liquid, and solid materials, vibrate parallel to wave direction (compression waves). S-waves: Slower (secondary waves), travel only through sol…
What is a shadow zone and why do P-waves and S-waves have different shadow zones?
Answer
Shadow zone is an area where earthquake waves are not recorded. P-wave shadow zone: 105°-145° from epicentre (waves bend due to liquid outer core). S-wave shadow zone: Beyond 105° from epicentre (40% …
List and briefly explain the five types of earthquakes based on their causes.
Answer
1) Tectonic earthquakes - sliding of rocks along fault planes (most common), 2) Volcanic earthquakes - in areas of active volcanoes, 3) Collapse earthquakes - underground mine roof collapse, 4) Explos…
What is the difference between Richter scale and Mercalli scale for measuring earthquakes?
Answer
Richter scale measures magnitude (energy released) expressed in numbers 0-10, based on seismograph readings. Mercalli scale measures intensity (visible damage caused) with range 1-12, based on observe…
Describe the structure and characteristics of Earth's crust.
Answer
Crust is the outermost solid layer, brittle in nature. Oceanic crust: thinner (5 km average), Continental crust: thicker (30 km average, up to 70 km in Himalayas). Made of lighter rocks, separated fro…
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