Climate
Meghalaya Board · Class 11 · Geography
Complete topic list for Climate in Meghalaya Board Class 11 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Climate
Basic Concepts of Weather and Climate
- Weather is the momentary state of atmosphere (changes within days/weeks)
- Climate is the average weather conditions over 50+ years
- India has hot monsoonal climate prevalent in South and Southeast Asia
Factors Controlling Indian Climate
- Latitude: Tropic of Cancer divides India into tropical and subtropical zones
- Himalayan Mountains: Act as climatic divide, block cold winds, trap monsoons
- Distance from sea: Coastal areas have moderate climate, interior has extremes
Seasonal Cycle - Cold Weather Season (December-February)
- Temperature: Below 21°C in northern plains, night temperatures may freeze
- Pressure: High pressure over northern plains, low pressure over Indian Ocean
- Winds: Light northeasterly winds (3-5 km/hr), influenced by topography
Hot Weather Season (March-May)
- Temperature: 30-48°C in northern plains, milder in south (26-32°C)
- Heat belt moves north: March (Deccan 38°C) → April (Gujarat-MP 38-43°C) → May (Northwest 48°C)
- ITCZ moves north to 25°N, creates low pressure trough
Key Concepts
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