Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings (Cultural Developments) (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)
Meghalaya Board · Class 12 · History
Complete topic list for Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings (Cultural Developments) (c. 600 BCE-600 CE) in Meghalaya Board Class 12 History. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings (Cultural Developments) (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)
Historical Context and Background (c. 600 BCE)
- Mid-first millennium BCE marked a turning point in world history with emergence of great thinkers
- Period saw rise of new kingdoms and cities in Ganga valley
- Social and economic changes led to questioning of existing beliefs
Jainism and Mahavira
- Jainism existed before Mahavira (6th century BCE) - he was 24th Tirthankara
- 23 previous Tirthankaras ('those who guide across river of existence') preceded him
- Core principle: entire world is animated - even stones, rocks, water have life
Buddhism and the Buddha
- Siddhartha (Buddha) was son of Sakya clan chief, had sheltered palace upbringing
- Four sights that changed his life: old man, sick man, corpse, homeless mendicant
- Left palace to seek truth, tried extreme asceticism, then chose middle path
Buddhist Texts and Literature
- Buddha taught orally - no written records during his lifetime
- Teachings compiled after death at council of elders at Vesali (Vaishali)
- Tipitaka ('three baskets'): Vinaya Pitaka (rules), Sutta Pitaka (teachings), Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophy)
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