Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion
Meghalaya Board · Class 12 · Sociology
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Explore the full setWhat are the three forms of capital according to Bourdieu that explain social inequality?
Answer
1. Economic Capital - material assets and income 2. Cultural Capital - educational qualifications and status 3. Social Capital - networks of contacts and social associations These forms often overlap…
Define Social Stratification and explain its key characteristics.
Answer
Social Stratification is a system by which categories of people in society are ranked in a hierarchy. Key Characteristics: 1. It is a characteristic of society, not individual differences 2. It persi…
What is the difference between Prejudice, Stereotype, and Discrimination?
Answer
Prejudice: Pre-conceived opinions or attitudes held by one group towards another (can be positive or negative) Stereotype: Fixed and inflexible characterizations of a group of people (e.g., labeling …
Explain the concept of Social Exclusion with examples.
Answer
Social Exclusion refers to ways individuals or groups become cut off from full participation in society. Key Features: - Systematic, not accidental - Result of structural features of society - Preven…
What does the term 'Dalit' mean and how is it different from 'Harijan'?
Answer
Dalit: Literally means 'downtrodden' in Indian languages, conveying the sense of an oppressed people. This term was adopted by ex-untouchable communities themselves to assert their identity. Harijan:…
Describe the three main dimensions of untouchability.
Answer
1. Exclusion: Dalits are prohibited from sharing water sources, participating in religious worship, social ceremonies, and festivals 2. Humiliation-Subordination: Practices like 'distance pollution' …
What are the main government policies for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?
Answer
1. Reservations: - Seats in legislatures (Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Assemblies) - Jobs in government service and public sector - Seats in educational institutions - Proportion equal to their popul…
Who are Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and what challenges do they face?
Answer
OBCs are 'socially and educationally backward classes' - groups that are neither 'forward' castes nor Dalits/Adivasis. Key Features: - About 41% of national population - More diverse group than Dalit…
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