Pastoralists in the Modern World
Meghalaya Board · Class 9 · Social Science
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What are Bugyals?
What is a kafila in the context of pastoral movement?
The Dhangar shepherds moved from the central plateau of Maharashtra to which region in October?
The Maru Raikas of Rajasthan primarily herded which animals?
Sample Questions
Which communities are associated with mountain pastoralism in India?
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Gujjar Bakarwals, Gaddi shepherds, Bhotiyas
Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir, Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh, and Bhotiyas are mountain pastoral communities. Dhangars are from Maharashtra plateaus and Raikas are from Rajasthan deserts.
Which crops are mentioned in relation to pastoral movements?
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Kharif crops, Rabi crops, Bajra, Rice
Pastoralists timed their movements around agricultural seasons. Kharif (autumn) and Rabi (spring) crops were important for their animals to graze on stubble. Bajra was grown on the plateau and rice was obtained from Konkan farmers.
True or False: The Colonial government wanted to transform all grazing lands into cultivated farms.
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True
The colonial state wanted to transform grazing lands into cultivated farms to increase land revenue, which was a main source of finance. They saw uncultivated land as 'waste land' that needed to be brought under cultivation.
What were the two main categories of forests under the Forest Acts?
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Reserved Forests, Protected Forests
Under the Forest Acts, forests were classified as 'Reserved' (no access to pastoralists) and 'Protected' (limited access with permits). This severely restricted pastoral movements.
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