Permutations and Combination
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Mathematics & Statistics
Quick revision notes for Permutations and Combination — Maharashtra Board Class 11 Mathematics & Statistics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Fundamental Principles of Counting
- Addition Principle: Used when choosing ONE option from multiple categories
- Multiplication Principle: Used when making multiple independent choices
- Tree diagrams help visualize counting problems systematically
Factorial Notation
- n! = n × (n-1) × (n-2) × ... × 3 × 2 × 1
- 0! = 1 by definition (very important for formulas)
- n! = n × (n-1)! - recursive relationship
Permutations - All Objects Distinct
- Permutation = arrangement where ORDER MATTERS
- ⁿPᵣ = number of ways to arrange r objects from n distinct objects
- When r = n, we get n! (all objects arranged)
Permutations - Some Objects Identical
- When some objects are identical, total arrangements reduce
- Divide by factorial of number of identical objects
- Can have multiple groups of identical objects
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