Invictus — Flashcards

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Invictus is a Latin word meaning 'unconquered' or 'undefeated'. It perfectly captures the poem's theme of maintaining strength and dignity despite facing hardships and challenges.

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William Ernest Henley wrote 'Invictus'. He faced the amputation of his leg due to tuberculosis of the bone, yet he wrote this poem showing incredible courage and determination despite his physical suf…

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This opening metaphor represents the darkness of suffering, despair, and difficult circumstances that surround the speaker. The 'pit' suggests a deep, inescapable hole, emphasizing the severity of his…

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The speaker is thankful for his 'unconquerable soul' - his inner strength, courage, and unbreakable spirit that cannot be defeated by any external circumstances or hardships.

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'Fell clutch' means a wicked or cruel grip. 'Circumstance' refers to the difficult situations in life. Together, it means the evil or harsh hold that bad situations have on a person.

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'I have not winced nor cried aloud' - These lines show the poet has endured pain without flinching (wincing) or crying out loud, demonstrating his brave acceptance of suffering.

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This powerful metaphor means that although the speaker has been hurt and wounded ('bloody'), he has not surrendered or given up ('unbowed'). He maintains his dignity and refuses to be defeated.

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'Bludgeonings' means violent beatings with a heavy object. 'Chance' refers to fate or luck. Together, it means the harsh, unpredictable blows that life delivers through bad luck or circumstances.