Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Nagaland Board · Class 12 · Physics
Flashcards for Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter — Nagaland Board Class 12 Physics. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Get startedWhat is the work function of a metal? Give its symbol and unit.
Answer
The work function (φ₀) is the minimum energy required by an electron to escape from the metal surface. It is measured in electron volts (eV) where 1 eV = 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ J. The work function depends on …
Name and explain the three methods of electron emission from metals.
Answer
1. Thermionic emission: Heating the metal to provide thermal energy 2. Field emission: Applying very strong electric field (~10⁸ V/m) 3. Photoelectric emission: Illuminating metal surface with light o…
Who discovered the photoelectric effect and what did they observe?
Answer
Heinrich Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect in 1887. He observed that high voltage sparks across the detector loop were enhanced when the emitter plate was illuminated by ultraviolet light from…
What is threshold frequency? Why does it exist according to classical wave theory vs quantum theory?
Answer
Threshold frequency (ν₀) is the minimum frequency below which no photoelectric emission occurs, regardless of intensity. Classical wave theory cannot explain its existence as it predicts continuous en…
What is stopping potential (V₀)? Write its relationship with maximum kinetic energy.
Answer
Stopping potential (V₀) is the minimum negative potential applied to the collector plate that stops the photocurrent completely. It relates to maximum kinetic energy as: Kₘₐₓ = eV₀ where e is electron…
State Einstein's photoelectric equation and explain each term.
Answer
Einstein's photoelectric equation: Kₘₐₓ = hν - φ₀ where: - Kₘₐₓ = maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons - h = Planck's constant (6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s) - ν = frequency of incident light - φ₀ = work fun…
Why does photoelectric current increase with intensity but stopping potential remains constant?
Answer
Intensity determines the number of photons per unit area per second, so higher intensity means more electrons are emitted (higher current). However, each photon has the same energy (hν), so the maximu…
What are the four main experimental observations of photoelectric effect?
Answer
1. Photocurrent is directly proportional to intensity (for ν > ν₀) 2. Stopping potential is independent of intensity but depends on frequency 3. Threshold frequency exists below which no emission occu…
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