Quadratic Equations — Syllabus
Punjab Board · Class 10 · Mathematics
What Quadratic Equations covers in Punjab Board Class 10 Mathematics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include What is a Quadratic Equation?
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Topics in Quadratic Equations
1. What is a Quadratic Equation?
- A quadratic equation in variable x is of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0.
- The highest power (degree) of the variable must be exactly 2.
- ax² + bx + c = 0 is called the STANDARD FORM of a quadratic equation.
2. Forming Quadratic Equations from Word Problems
- Many real-life situations lead to quadratic equations — areas, consecutive integers, age problems, speed-distance problems.
- Step 1: Identify the unknown and assign it a variable (usually x).
- Step 2: Express other unknowns in terms of x using the given conditions.
3. Solution by Factorisation
- Factorisation method: Split the quadratic into two linear factors and set each equal to zero.
- Key idea: If (px + q)(rx + s) = 0, then either px + q = 0 or rx + s = 0.
- To split the middle term bx: find two numbers whose SUM is b and whose PRODUCT is ac.
4. Solution by Quadratic Formula
- The quadratic formula gives the roots of ANY quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0.
- This formula was derived by Sridharacharya (C.E. 1025) using the method of completing the square.
- The formula is: x = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)] / 2a
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