Impact of Colonialism in India

Before British rule

Before British rule, Adivasis and villagers used forests sustainably for hunting, gathering, grazing, and shifting cultivation (Jhum). They took only

The British commercialized forests for railway

The British commercialized forests for railway sleepers, ships, and buildings. By 1910, over 50,000 km of railway lines required millions of wooden sl

Various tribal communities revolted against colonial

Various tribal communities revolted against colonial forest policies: Santhal Revolt (1855-56), Birsa Munda's movement (1874-1901), Alluri Seetha Rama

The British government initially opposed Indian

The British government initially opposed Indian industries to protect British manufacturers. They refused to impose protective tariffs on British good

Industrial workers faced harsh conditions

Industrial workers faced harsh conditions: 12-15 hour workdays, no fixed breaks, unsafe environments, wage cuts, fines for minor issues, and no job se