Financial Planning and Management
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Business Studies
Quick revision notes for Financial Planning and Management — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Business Studies. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Financial Decisions: Investment, Financing, and Dividend
- Financial management involves three main decisions: investment, financing, and dividend decisions.
- Investment decision is about where to invest money — in long-term assets (capital budgeting) or short-term assets (working capital).
- Financing decision deals with how to raise funds — through equity, debt, or retained earnings — while keeping the cost low.
Objectives of Financial Management
- The main goal is wealth maximization, not just profit maximization.
- Profit maximization is vague and ignores time and risk, so it's not a good long-term goal.
- Wealth maximization considers both earnings per share and the market value of shares.
Financial Planning
- Financial planning means estimating fund requirements and deciding how to raise and use them.
- A good financial plan must be simple, long-term, flexible, and ensure optimal use of funds.
- It helps avoid both shortage and surplus of funds and supports business growth.
Capital Structure
- Capital structure is the mix of debt and equity used to finance a business.
- Equity is expensive but safe; debt is cheaper but risky due to fixed interest payments.
- Factors like cash flow, tax rate, and business risk affect the choice of capital structure.
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