The End of Bipolarity
Assam Board · Class 12 · Political Science
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Explore the full setWhat was the symbolic event that marked the beginning of the end of the Cold War in 1989?
Answer
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. This wall had been built at the height of the Cold War and was its greatest symbol. When people toppled it, it triggered a chain of events leading to the collapse …
What was the 'Second World' or 'Socialist Bloc'?
Answer
The Second World referred to the group of East European countries that came under Soviet control after World War II. Their political and economic systems were modeled after the USSR. The Warsaw Pact m…
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev and what reforms did he introduce?
Answer
Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1985. He introduced policies of 'perestroika' (restructuring) and 'glasnost' (openness) to reform the Soviet system…
What were the main internal weaknesses that led to the Soviet Union's collapse?
Answer
Key internal weaknesses included: 1) Economic stagnation and consumer shortages 2) Lack of democracy and freedom of speech 3) Bureaucratic and authoritarian system 4) Unaccountable Communist Party rul…
What role did nationalism play in the disintegration of the USSR?
Answer
The rise of nationalism and desire for sovereignty within various republics was the final and most immediate cause of USSR's disintegration. Ironically, nationalist dissatisfaction was strongest in th…
When and how was the Soviet Union officially dissolved?
Answer
In December 1991, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (three major republics) declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded. They established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The Communist Party …
What was 'Shock Therapy' and which countries implemented it?
Answer
Shock Therapy was the model of transition from socialist to capitalist economy implemented in Russia, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe, influenced by World Bank and IMF. It involved complete privatiza…
What were the negative consequences of Shock Therapy in Russia?
Answer
Shock Therapy led to: 1) Collapse of 90% of industries 2) 'Largest garage sale in history' - valuable industries sold at throwaway prices 3) Dramatic decline in ruble value 4) High inflation causing l…
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