Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion

Networks of contacts, Social associations, Influential relatives and friends

Social capital refers to networks of contacts, social associations, and connections like influential relatives and friends. Educational qualifications are cultural capital, while material assets are economic capital.

Exclusion, Humiliation-subordination, Exploitation

The three main dimensions of untouchability are exclusion (being prohibited from sharing water sources, religious worship), humiliation-subordination (being treated as inferior), and exploitation (forced unpaid labor, property confiscation).

Stree Purush Tulana

Stree Purush Tulana (Comparison of Men and Women) was written by Tarabai Shinde in 1882 as a protest against the double standards of a male-dominated society. It created quite a stir when published.

It is a characteristic of society, not individual differences, It persists over generations, It is supported by patterns of belief or ideology

Social stratification has three key principles: it's a society-wide system (not individual), it persists across generations through inheritance, and it's supported by ideologies that make it seem fair or inevitable.