The Fundamental Unit of Life

Absence of nuclear membrane, Presence of nucleoid, Lack of membrane-bound organelles, Found in bacteria

Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells without a nuclear membrane. They have a nucleoid (undefined nuclear region), lack membrane-bound organelles, and are found in bacteria. The genetic material is freely present in the cytoplasm.

Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Large central vacuole

Plant cells have unique structures: cell wall (made of cellulose for support), chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), and large central vacuoles (for storage and maintaining cell shape). Mitochondria and nucleus are found in both plant and animal cells.

Cell swells up

In a hypotonic solution, the external solution has higher water concentration than the cell. Water enters the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to swell up. This is because water moves from high concentration to low concentration.

Chromosomes, DNA, Genes, Chromatin material

The nucleus contains chromosomes (made of DNA and proteins), DNA molecules, genes (functional segments of DNA), and chromatin material (thread-like structures containing DNA). Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, not inside the nucleus.