CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 — All Subjects with Unit-Wise Marks
CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2026-27 for Science, Commerce and Humanities: unit-wise marks for Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology, Accountancy and more.
The CBSE Class 12 syllabus for 2026-27 (for the 2027 board exams) covers Science, Commerce and Humanities subjects. Subjects with practicals are 70 marks theory + 30 practical; the others are 80 + 20. This guide lists the unit-wise marks for Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology, Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics and English Core, from the CBSE Curriculum 2026-27.
Physics (70 + 30 practical)
| Units | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Electrostatics + Current Electricity | Electric Charges and Fields; Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance; Current Electricity | 16 |
| Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism + EMI and AC | Moving Charges and Magnetism; Magnetism and Matter; Electromagnetic Induction; Alternating Current | 17 |
| Electromagnetic Waves + Optics | Electromagnetic Waves; Ray Optics and Optical Instruments; Wave Optics | 18 |
| Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter + Atoms and Nuclei | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter; Atoms; Nuclei | 12 |
| Electronic Devices | Semiconductor Electronics (energy bands, p-n junction, diode as a rectifier) | 7 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 | |
CBSE gives marks for pairs of units. Transistors, logic gates and Communication Systems are not in the syllabus.
Chemistry (70 + 30 practical)
| Chapter | Key topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Solutions | Concentration, Raoult's law, colligative properties, abnormal molecular masses | 7 |
| Electrochemistry | Galvanic cells, Nernst equation, conductance, electrolysis, batteries | 9 |
| Chemical Kinetics | Rate law, order, integrated rate equations, Arrhenius equation | 7 |
| d- and f-Block Elements | Transition elements, lanthanoids, actinoids | 7 |
| Coordination Compounds | Werner's theory, IUPAC names, isomerism, bonding | 7 |
| Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Nomenclature, SN1/SN2, reactions | 6 |
| Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Preparation, properties, reactions | 6 |
| Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Nomenclature, reactions, uses | 8 |
| Amines | Classification, preparation, properties, diazonium salts | 6 |
| Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids, hormones | 7 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 | |
Solid State and p-Block Elements are not in the Class 12 syllabus. Surface Chemistry, Isolation of Elements, Polymers and Chemistry in Everyday Life are assessed only by your school.
Mathematics (80 + 20 internal assessment)
| Unit | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Relations & Functions | Relations and Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions | 8 |
| Algebra | Matrices, Determinants | 10 |
| Calculus | Continuity and Differentiability, Applications of Derivatives, Integrals, Applications of Integrals, Differential Equations | 35 |
| Vectors & 3D Geometry | Vectors, Three-Dimensional Geometry | 14 |
| Linear Programming | Linear Programming (graphical method) | 5 |
| Probability | Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, random variables | 8 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
| Internal Assessment | 20 | |
Key insight: Calculus alone is 35 of 80 marks (44%). Linear Programming is still in the 2026-27 syllabus.
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Start freeBiology (70 + 30 practical)
| Unit | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Human Reproduction, Reproductive Health | 16 |
| Genetics & Evolution | Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Evolution | 20 |
| Biology & Human Welfare | Human Health and Diseases, Microbes in Human Welfare | 12 |
| Biotechnology | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes, Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
| Ecology & Environment | Organisms and Populations, Ecosystem, Biodiversity and its Conservation | 10 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 | |
Reproduction in Organisms and Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production are not in the syllabus; Environmental Issues is assessed only by your school.
Commerce Subjects
Accountancy (80 + 20 project)
| Part | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms (36) and Companies (24) | Partnership fundamentals, goodwill, change in profit-sharing ratio, admission, retirement, death, dissolution; share capital and debentures | 60 |
| Part B: Financial Statement Analysis | Analysis of Financial Statements (12) and Cash Flow Statement (8) — or Computerised Accounting | 20 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
Business Studies (80 + 20 project)
| Part | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: Principles and Functions of Management | Nature and Significance of Management, Principles of Management, Business Environment, Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling | 50 |
| Part B: Business Finance and Marketing | Financial Management, Financial Markets, Marketing Management, Consumer Protection | 30 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
Economics (80 + 20 project)
| Part | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics | National Income and Related Aggregates (10), Money and Banking (6), Determination of Income and Employment (12), Government Budget and the Economy (6), Balance of Payments (6) | 40 |
| Part B: Indian Economic Development | Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 (12), Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy (20), Comparison with Neighbours (8) | 40 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
English Core (80 + 20 internal assessment)
| Section | Content | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Reading Skills | An unseen passage and a case-based factual passage | 22 |
| Creative Writing Skills | Notice; formal or informal invitation and reply; letter (job application with bio-data, or letter to the editor); article or report | 18 |
| Literature | Flamingo (prose and poetry) and Vistas (supplementary reader) | 40 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
Internal assessment: listening 5, speaking 5, project 10. There is no separate grammar section in the Class 12 paper.
Other Subjects
For Computer Science, Informatics Practices, History, Geography, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Physical Education and more, see our chapter-wise weightage guides — for example History, Political Science and Computer Science — or the subject PDFs on cbseacademic.nic.in.
Exam Pattern — Quick Reference
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Duration | 3 hours per paper |
| Marking | Theory (70 or 80) + practical, project or internal assessment (30 or 20) = 100 |
| Question Types | MCQs, assertion-reason, case-based (4 marks), short answer (2–3 marks), long answer (5 marks; 4–6 marks in some commerce and humanities papers) |
| Question Design | 50% competency-focused, 20% MCQ, 30% short and long answer |
| Internal Choice | About 33% |
| Board Exams | One main exam (February–March), plus a supplementary exam in July |
| Passing Marks | At least 33% in each subject; in subjects with practicals, theory and practical must each be passed |
For removed and school-only topics, read our CBSE syllabus 2026-27 removed topics guide.
Syllabus and marks from the CBSE Senior Secondary Curriculum 2026-27 and the Class XII subject syllabi on cbseacademic.nic.in.
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Start freeFrequently Asked Questions
Has CBSE changed the Class 12 syllabus for 2026-27?
The CBSE Curriculum 2026-27 is on cbseacademic.nic.in (curriculum_2027.html). The Class 12 structure is familiar, but some topics are assessed only by the school — for example, Surface Chemistry and Polymers in Chemistry and Environmental Issues in Biology — and some are not in the syllabus, such as Solid State. Linear Programming is still in Maths. See our deleted-syllabus guide for details.
What is the CBSE Class 12 exam pattern for 2027?
Subjects with practicals (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science and others) are 70 marks theory + 30 practical; Maths, English Core and subjects with project work (Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, History, Political Science) are 80 + 20. Papers are 3 hours. Every theory paper is 50% competency-focused questions, 20% MCQs and 30% short and long answers, with about 33% internal choice.
Which subject is easiest to score in CBSE Class 12?
It depends on your strengths. Many students find subjects with clear formats and NCERT-based questions — such as English Core, Business Studies or Chemistry — easier to score in with steady practice, while Maths and Physics need regular problem-solving.
Do CBSE Class 12 marks matter for JEE, NEET and CUET?
They matter for eligibility. Admission to IITs, NITs, IIITs and other centrally funded institutes needs at least 75% in Class 12 (65% for SC/ST) or a place in the top 20 percentile of your board. NEET and CUET set their own Class 12 eligibility conditions in NTA's information bulletins, and many universities also use board marks as a minimum condition. Beyond eligibility, the entrance score decides.
How many subjects are there in CBSE Class 12?
Students take five subjects, including a language (English or Hindi) and four others, which can be a second language, academic electives or a skill subject. Many also take an optional sixth subject. Your school can tell you which combinations it offers.
Where can I download the official CBSE Class 12 syllabus?
From cbseacademic.nic.in → Curriculum 2026-27 → Senior Secondary (Classes 11–12). Each subject PDF has the unit-wise marks, the topics assessed only in school, and the practical or project guidelines. The 2026-27 sample question papers are on the same site.