CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026 — All Subjects (Science, Commerce, Arts)
CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2026 for Science (PCM/PCB), Commerce, and Arts streams. Chapter-wise marks distribution, deleted topics, and exam pattern for every.
The CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2026 covers all three streams — Science (PCM/PCB), Commerce, and Arts. Each subject has 80 marks theory + 20 marks internal assessment. This guide lists the complete chapter-wise syllabus with marks distribution for Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology, Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, English, and more.
Science Stream — Physics
| Unit | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Electrostatics | Electric Charges & Fields, Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance | 16 |
| Current Electricity | Current Electricity (Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's, Wheatstone, Meter Bridge) | — |
| Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism | Moving Charges & Magnetism, Magnetism & Matter | 7 |
| EMI & Alternating Current | Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current | 8 |
| Electromagnetic Waves | Electromagnetic Waves (spectrum, properties) | 3 |
| Optics | Ray Optics & Optical Instruments, Wave Optics | 14 |
| Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter | Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter (Photoelectric Effect) | 4 |
| Atoms & Nuclei | Atoms (Bohr Model), Nuclei (Radioactivity, Fission, Fusion) | 6 |
| Electronic Devices | Semiconductor Electronics (p-n junction, diode, transistor, logic gates) | 7 |
| Total (Theory) | 70* | |
| Practical | 30 | |
*Note: Electrostatics + Current Electricity combined carry 16 marks. Total theory is 70 marks + 30 marks practical = 100.
Science Stream — Chemistry
| Unit | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Solid State | Crystal Lattice, Unit Cell, Packing, Defects | 23 (combined Solutions to Electrochemistry) |
| Solutions | Concentration, Colligative Properties, Raoult's Law | — |
| Electrochemistry | Nernst Equation, Conductance, Electrolysis, Batteries | — |
| Chemical Kinetics | Rate Law, Order, Arrhenius Equation | — |
| Surface Chemistry | Adsorption, Catalysis, Colloids, Emulsions | — |
| p-Block Elements | Group 15, 16, 17, 18 Elements | 19 (combined Isolation to Coordination) |
| d- and f-Block Elements | Transition Elements, Lanthanoids, Actinoids | — |
| Coordination Compounds | Werner's Theory, IUPAC, Isomerism, CFT, Applications | — |
| Haloalkanes & Haloarenes | Nomenclature, Reactions, SN1/SN2, Environmental Effects | 28 (combined Organic chapters) |
| Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers | Preparation, Properties, Reactions | — |
| Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids | Nomenclature, Reactions, Uses | — |
| Amines | Classification, Preparation, Properties, Diazonium Salts | — |
| Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Vitamins | — |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 | |
Science Stream — Mathematics
| Unit | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Relations & Functions | Relations & Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions | 8 |
| Algebra | Matrices, Determinants | 10 |
| Calculus | Continuity & Differentiability, Applications of Derivatives, Integrals, Applications of Integrals, Differential Equations | 35 |
| Vectors & 3D Geometry | Vectors, Three Dimensional Geometry | 14 |
| Linear Programming | Linear Programming (Graphical Method) | 5 |
| Probability | Probability (Bayes' Theorem, Distributions) | 8 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
| Internal Assessment | 20 | |
Key insight: Calculus alone is 35/80 marks (44%). Master Integration and Applications of Derivatives to secure nearly half the paper.
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| Unit | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Reproduction | Reproduction in Organisms, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Human Reproduction, Reproductive Health | 16 |
| Genetics & Evolution | Principles of Inheritance & Variation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Evolution | 20 |
| Biology & Human Welfare | Human Health & Disease, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, Microbes in Human Welfare | 12 |
| Biotechnology | Biotechnology: Principles & Processes, Biotechnology & Its Applications | 12 |
| Ecology | Organisms & Populations, Ecosystem, Biodiversity & Conservation, Environmental Issues | 10 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 | |
Commerce Stream — Key Subjects
Accountancy
| Part | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: Partnership & Company Accounts | Accounting for Partnership (Fundamentals, Goodwill, Change in Profit Sharing, Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution), Accounting for Share Capital, Debentures | 60 |
| Part B: Financial Statement Analysis | Analysis of Financial Statements, Comparative & Common Size Statements, Ratio Analysis, Cash Flow Statement | 20 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
Business Studies
| Part | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: Principles & Functions | Nature & Significance of Management, Principles of Management, Business Environment, Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling | 50 |
| Part B: Business Finance & Marketing | Financial Management, Financial Markets, Marketing Management, Consumer Protection | 30 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
Economics
| Part | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics | National Income Accounting, Money & Banking, Income Determination, Government Budget, Balance of Payments | 40 |
| Part B: Indian Economic Development | Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence, Economic Reforms Since 1991, Current Challenges (Poverty, HRD, Rural Development, Employment, Infrastructure, Environment, Sustainable Development) | 40 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
English Core — Syllabus
| Section | Content | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Reading | 2 unseen passages (factual + literary/discursive) with comprehension, vocabulary, note-making | 22 |
| Creative Writing & Grammar | Notice/Invitation, Letter (formal), Article/Report/Speech, Grammar (tenses, clauses, modals, voice, narration) | 18 |
| Literature | Flamingo (prose): The Last Lesson, Lost Spring, Deep Water, The Rattrap, Indigo, etc. Flamingo (poetry): My Mother at Sixty-Six, An Elementary School, Keeping Quiet, etc. Vistas (supplementary): The Third Level, The Tiger King, Journey to the End of the Earth, etc. | 40 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
Exam Pattern — Quick Reference
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Duration | 3 hours per paper |
| Marking | Theory (70 or 80) + Internal/Practical (30 or 20) = 100 |
| Question Types | MCQs, assertion-reason, case-based (4 marks), short answer (2–3 marks), long answer (5 marks) |
| Internal Choice | 33% internal choice in all subjects |
| CBQs | 30–40% competency-based questions |
| Passing Marks | 33% overall. For practical subjects: must pass theory and practical separately. |
Syllabus and marks distribution based on CBSE's official curriculum for 2025–2026. Marks distribution for Chemistry and Physics includes practical marks (30). CBSE may make minor adjustments — always verify with cbseacademic.nic.in. Last updated: February 2026.
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Start preparing — freeFrequently Asked Questions
Has CBSE reduced the Class 12 syllabus for 2026?
CBSE rationalised the syllabus from 2023–24 onwards. The rationalised syllabus continues for 2025–26. Some topics have been removed or merged. Always download the latest curriculum from cbseacademic.nic.in to confirm which topics are included. This article reflects the current rationalised syllabus.
What is the CBSE Class 12 exam pattern for 2026?
Each subject: 80 marks theory + 20 marks internal assessment = 100 marks total. Theory paper duration: 3 hours. Question types: MCQs, case-based questions (4 marks), short answer (2–3 marks), and long answer (5 marks). 33% internal choice is available. Competency-based questions (CBQs) make up 30–40% of the paper.
Which subject is easiest to score in CBSE Class 12?
For Science stream: Physical Education (if taken) and English are generally considered easiest to score high marks. Among core subjects: Chemistry is considered most scoring (NCERT-based, predictable questions), followed by Physics (formulaic), then Maths (requires practice). Biology is scoring if you memorise diagrams and NCERT thoroughly.
Do CBSE Class 12 marks matter for JEE/NEET?
For JEE Advanced: You need to be in the top 20 percentile of your board OR score 75%+ aggregate (whichever is lower). For NEET: You need 50% in PCB aggregate (General), 40% for OBC/SC/ST. For college admissions through CUET: Board marks are NOT used; only CUET score matters. So board marks matter for eligibility, not for ranking.
How many subjects are there in CBSE Class 12?
CBSE Class 12 students take 5 subjects: 1 language (English compulsory) + 4 electives from their stream. Science: Physics, Chemistry, Maths/Biology + optional (CS/PE/Economics). Commerce: Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics + optional (Maths/IP). Arts: History, Political Science, Geography/Psychology/Sociology + optional. Some students take 6 subjects (additional optional).
Where can I download the official CBSE Class 12 syllabus?
Official sources: (1) cbseacademic.nic.in → Curriculum → Senior Secondary, (2) cbse.gov.in → Examinations, (3) NCERT textbooks (ncert.nic.in) — these match the CBSE syllabus. Download the curriculum PDF which includes chapter-wise marks distribution, deleted topics, and project/practical guidelines.