CBSE Class 11 Computer Science — Chapter Summary

A computer system is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, and produces output. It consists of hardware and software working together as one unit. The main physical parts are the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. The CPU carries out processing, memory s

Encoding converts human-readable characters into coded forms that a computer can process. Computers understand only binary 0s and 1s, so keyboard input is first mapped to a unique code and then converted into binary. ASCII, ISCII, and UNICODE are major encoding schemes, while decimal, binary, octal,

Emerging trends are state-of-the-art technologies that gain popularity and create new directions in digital life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Grid Computing, and Blockchains are major examples of such trends. These technologies support smarter decision-mak