Writing Skills: Summarising

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Summarising is the selection and paraphrasing of all important information of the original source. It keeps the main ideas and leaves out less important details such as examples, repetition, and expla…

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Summarising follows note-making because the same basic steps are used first: important ideas are selected, language is shortened, and unnecessary details are removed. After that, the points are expand…

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Note-making is a personal reference tool and uses shortened points with nominalised form. Summarising expands the main points into full sentences and connects them with suitable connectors so that the…

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Paraphrasing means expressing the same meaning in different words. In a summary, the original ideas are kept, but the wording is changed into simpler and shorter language.

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A summary is usually one-third the length of the original passage. This is the standard aim, though shorter or slightly longer versions may appear when the text is being reduced step by step.

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The main steps are: 1) underline the important ideas, 2) write them in shortened form, 3) avoid examples, explanations, and repetition, and 4) turn the points into clear full sentences with connectors…

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Connectors join ideas smoothly and make the summary flow naturally. Words such as and, but, because, and so help the points form a clear paragraph instead of a list of disconnected notes.

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Examples, explanations, and repetition should be avoided. A summary should stay focused on the main ideas only and should not include extra details that do not support the central meaning.