Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems — Chapter Summary
CBSE · Class 11 · Geography
Summary of Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems for CBSE Class 11 Geography. Part of the CBSE Class 11 Geography syllabus.
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Overview
Atmospheric pressure, wind, pressure belts, air masses, fronts, and storms together explain how the atmosphere moves and how weather changes. Unequal heating of Earth creates pressure differences, and air moves from high pressure to low pressure. Near the surface, wind is shaped by pressure gradient
Key Concepts
Atmospheric pressure is the weight
Atmospheric pressure is the weight of a column of air from mean sea level to the top of the atmosphere, expressed in millibar. The average sea-level p
Isobars are lines connecting places having
Isobars are lines connecting places having equal pressure. Closely spaced isobars show a strong pressure gradient, while widely spaced isobars show a
This force is produced by differences
This force is produced by differences in atmospheric pressure. It acts perpendicular to isobars and pushes air from high pressure to low pressure. It
Coriolis force is caused by Earth’s
Coriolis force is caused by Earth’s rotation. It deflects wind to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. It
When pressure gradient force is balanced
When pressure gradient force is balanced by Coriolis force, and isobars are straight with no friction, wind flows parallel to isobars. This is called
Learning Objectives
- Understand atmospheric pressure and how it changes with height.
- Explain isobars, pressure belts, and global pressure distribution.
- Describe the forces that control wind movement.
- Identify the main circulation cells and planetary wind pattern.
- Explain El Nino, southern oscillation, and ENSO.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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Formula Sheet
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