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Basic Features of the Constitution of India — Revision Notes

CBSE · Class 11 · Legal Studies

Basic Features of the Constitution of India revision notes for CBSE Class 11 Legal Studies: 4 topics in quick points.

5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Meaning, Definition and Historical Perspective

  • The term 'Constitution' is derived from the Latin word 'constitutio' meaning 'to establish'.
  • Aristotle (384–322 BCE) defined Constitution as 'the way of life which the state has chosen for itself'.
  • Wade & Phillips define it as establishing fundamental organs of government, describing their structure, powers and functions, and regulating their relationship with citizens.
2

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

  • India is declared as a 'Union of States' under Article 1(1), not a 'Federation', to symbolize indissolubility and national unity.
  • The Constitution is the lengthiest written Constitution in the world, originally containing 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, now expanded to 12 Schedules.
  • It is a modern Constitution that assimilated best features from Constitutions of USA, UK, Ireland, Australia and others.
3

Preamble to the Constitution

  • The Preamble is the introductory statement of the Constitution, laying down guiding principles and philosophy.
  • The Supreme Court in Keshavananda Bharati v. Union of India (1973) held that the Preamble IS a part of the Constitution.
  • The Preamble is the guide to interpret provisions of the Constitution.
4

Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)

  • Part III (Articles 12–35) contains Fundamental Rights — basic human rights of a political and civil nature, enforceable by courts.
  • Fundamental Rights are JUSTICIABLE — they can be enforced through courts. Legislative/executive actions violating them are declared ultra vires.
  • Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Courts) provide for writs to enforce Fundamental Rights.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The word 'Constitution' comes fromBefore independenceThe Preamble is the introductory statementFundamental Rights are basicWrits are judicial orders issued by

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Basic Features of the Constitution of India for CBSE Class 11 Legal Studies?
Key topics in Basic Features of the Constitution of India include Meaning, Definition and Historical Perspective, Salient Features of the Constitution of India, Preamble to the Constitution, Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35). Study these first, then practise questions on each for Class 11 exams.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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