Societal Impacts

Revaan is using Atharv’s logged-in email account as if he were Atharv and sending messages in Atharv’s name. This means he is misusing another person’s identity to act online, which is identity theft. It is not just hacking because he did not break into the system; he used the already open account.

Ethically, Rishika should protect Garvit’s privacy and help him secure his account. She should inform Garvit immediately so that he can change his password and take safety measures. She should not share or use the password herself.

Shaurya downloaded a video clip from the Internet and modified and redistributed it as his own by adding “Prepared by Shaurya”. The chapter says that using another person’s work without permission is copyright infringement. It is not hacking or cyber crime in this context; the main issue is unauthorized use of copyrighted content.

Cyber bullying means insulting, degrading, threatening, or humiliating someone online. Sending an apology email is not bullying; it is polite and peaceful communication. The other two actions are abusive or humiliating, so they are examples of cyber bullying.

The likely violation is in option (b) because he used images taken from the Internet in his project. If those images are not free for reuse or he did not have permission, this is copyright infringement. Option (a) is not plagiarism because he rephrased the paragraph in his own words. Option (c) may also be a violation if the icon is copyrighted and used without permission, but the clearest example given is (b).

| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| Plagiarism | Copy and paste information from the Internet into your report and then organise it |
| Hacking | Breaking into computers to read private emails and other files |
| Credit card fraud | Fakers, by offering special rewards or money prize asked for personal information, such as bank account information |
| Digital Foot Print | The trail that is created when a person uses the Internet |

A PIN is a confidential credential and should never be shared through SMS. Since fake messages are common, the safe step is to verify by calling the bank’s official helpline. This follows the chapter’s advice to beware of phishing and fake messages.

A file uploaded to social media can be copied, forwarded, or saved by others before deletion. The chapter says that once uploaded, it is always there in the remote server even if we delete the files, and digital footprints may not be permanently eliminated. So Himanshu could forward a saved copy, and the image may still exist with other users too. Therefore, deletion from the site does not guarantee removal from the digital footprint.

The email has the signs of a phishing attempt. The chapter explains that phishing uses fake websites or emails that look authentic to collect sensitive details such as usernames and passwords. The urgency of “within 24 hours” is a common trick. If the student clicks the URL, the student may be redirected to a fake site designed to capture login details.

All the listed online searches leave a trail of data on the Internet and on the device used. According to the chapter, browsing websites, using online applications, and performing transactions generate a digital footprint. So all four actions can create a digital footprint.

The chapter defines cyber bullying as online behaviour such as repeated posting of rumours, threats, posting personal information, sexual harassment, or comments meant to publicly ridicule a victim. So if you see these kinds of posts, messages, or comments aimed at your friend, your friend may be cyber bullied.