Societal Impacts — NCERT Solutions

CBSE · Class 12 · Informatics Practices

NCERT Solutions for Societal Impacts, CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices: 20 textbook questions solved step by step. Covers Exercise.

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20 Questions Solved · 1 Section

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Exercise

1After practicals, Atharv left the computer laboratory but forgot to sign off from his email account. Later, his classmate Revaan started using the same computer. He is now logged in as Atharv. He sends inflammatory email messages to few of his classmates using Atharv's email account. Revaan's activity is an example of which of the following cyber crime? Justify your answer.Show solution

Revaan is using Atharv’s logged-in email account as if he were Atharv and sending messages in Atharv’s name. This means he is misusing another person’s identity to act online, which is identity theft. It is not just hacking because he did not break into the system; he used the already open account.

2Rishika found a crumpled paper under her desk. She picked it up and opened it. It contained some text which was struck off thrice. But she could still figure out easily that the struck off text was the email ID and password of Garvit, her classmate. What is ethically correct for Rishika to do?Show solution

Ethically, Rishika should protect Garvit’s privacy and help him secure his account. She should inform Garvit immediately so that he can change his password and take safety measures. She should not share or use the password herself.

3Suhana is down with fever. So, she decided not to go to school tomorrow. Next day, in the evening she called up her classmate, Shaurya and enquired about the computer class. She also requested him to explain the concept. Shaurya said, "Mam taught us how to use tuples in python". Further, he generously said, "Give me some time, I will email you the material which will help you to understand tuples in python". Shaurya quickly downloaded a 2-minute clip from the Internet explaining the concept of tuples in python. Using video editor, he added the text "Prepared by Shaurya" in the downloaded video clip. Then, he emailed the modified video clip to Suhana. This act of Shaurya is an example of —Show solution

Shaurya downloaded a video clip from the Internet and modified and redistributed it as his own by adding “Prepared by Shaurya”. The chapter says that using another person’s work without permission is copyright infringement. It is not hacking or cyber crime in this context; the main issue is unauthorized use of copyrighted content.

4After a fight with your friend, you did the following activities. Which of these activities is not an example of cyber bullying?Show solution

Cyber bullying means insulting, degrading, threatening, or humiliating someone online. Sending an apology email is not bullying; it is polite and peaceful communication. The other two actions are abusive or humiliating, so they are examples of cyber bullying.

5Sourabh has to prepare a project on “Digital India Initiatives”. He decides to get information from the Internet. He downloads three web pages (webpage 1, webpage 2, webpage 3) containing information on Digital India Initiatives. Which of the following steps taken by Sourabh is an example of plagiarism or copyright infringement? Give justification in support of your answer.Show solution

The likely violation is in option (b) because he used images taken from the Internet in his project. If those images are not free for reuse or he did not have permission, this is copyright infringement. Option (a) is not plagiarism because he rephrased the paragraph in his own words. Option (c) may also be a violation if the icon is copyrighted and used without permission, but the clearest example given is (b).

6Match the following:Show solution

Column A	Column B
Plagiarism	Copy and paste information from the Internet into your report and then organise it
Hacking	Breaking into computers to read private emails and other files
Credit card fraud	Fakers, by offering special rewards or money prize asked for personal information, such as bank account information
Digital Foot Print	The trail that is created when a person uses the Internet

7You got the below shown SMS from your bank querying a recent transaction. Answer the following —Show solution

A PIN is a confidential credential and should never be shared through SMS. Since fake messages are common, the safe step is to verify by calling the bank’s official helpline. This follows the chapter’s advice to beware of phishing and fake messages.

8Preeti celebrated her birthday with her family. She was excited to share the moments with her friend Himanshu. She uploaded selected images of her birthday party on a social networking site so that Himanshu can see them. After few days, Preeti had a fight with Himanshu. Next morning, she deleted her birthday photographs from that social networking site, so that Himanshu cannot access them. Later in the evening, to her surprise, she saw that one of the images which she had already deleted from the social networking site was available with their common friend Gayatri. She hurriedly enquired Gayatri “Where did you get this picture from?”. Gayatri replied “Himanshu forwarded this image few minutes back”.

Help Preeti to get answers for the following questions. Give justification for your answers so that Preeti can understand it clearly.Show solution

A file uploaded to social media can be copied, forwarded, or saved by others before deletion. The chapter says that once uploaded, it is always there in the remote server even if we delete the files, and digital footprints may not be permanently eliminated. So Himanshu could forward a saved copy, and the image may still exist with other users too. Therefore, deletion from the site does not guarantee removal from the digital footprint.

9The school offers wireless facility (wifi) to the Computer Science students of Class XI. For communication, the network security staff of the school have a registered URL schoolwifi.edu. On 17 September 2017, the following email was mass distributed to all the Computer Science students of Class XI. The email claimed that the password of the students was about to expire. Instructions were given to go to URL to renew their password within 24 hours.Show solution

The email has the signs of a phishing attempt. The chapter explains that phishing uses fake websites or emails that look authentic to collect sensitive details such as usernames and passwords. The urgency of “within 24 hours” is a common trick. If the student clicks the URL, the student may be redirected to a fake site designed to capture login details.

10You are planning to go for a vacation. You surfed the Internet to get answers for the following queries —Show solution

All the listed online searches leave a trail of data on the Internet and on the device used. According to the chapter, browsing websites, using online applications, and performing transactions generate a digital footprint. So all four actions can create a digital footprint.

11How would you recognise if one of your friends is being cyber bullied?