Internet and Web

a) Data are divided into smaller chunks called packets.

b) The set of rules that decide the functioning of a network is called Ethernet.

c) A LAN can be extended up to a distance of 1 km.

d) The router connects a local area network to the internet.

e) The tree or hybrid topology is of hierarchical nature.

f) URL is a standard naming convention used for accessing resources over the Internet.

g) A website is a collection of related web pages.

h) A web server is a computer that provides services to other programs or computers.

a) ARPANET — Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

b) ISP — Internet Service Provider

c) URL — Uniform Resource Locator

a) It stands for Modulator Demodulator → Modem.

b) It regenerates the signals → Repeater.

a) MAN and WAN
- MAN covers a larger geographical area like a city or town.
- WAN covers a very large area such as different cities, countries, or continents.
- MAN is smaller than WAN and usually has a lower range than LAN in speed compared to LAN.
- WAN connects computers and other LANs/MANs across distant places.

b) Website and web page
- A website is a collection of related web pages linked through hyperlinks and saved on a web server.
- A web page is a single document on the WWW viewed in a browser.
- A website has many pages; a web page is one page of that website.

c) Router and Gateway
- A router receives data, analyses it and transmits it to other networks; it connects a LAN to the Internet.
- A gateway is the key access point between an organisation’s network and the outside world of the Internet.
- A gateway serves as the entry and exit point of a network and may route packets using the best path.

d) Bus and Star topology
- In bus topology, all devices share a single backbone wire called the bus.
- In star topology, each device is connected to a central node like a hub or switch.
- Bus is cheaper and easy to maintain, but less secure and less reliable.
- Star is efficient and fast, but failure of the central device can stop the whole network.

e) Static and Dynamic web pages
- A static web page has content that remains the same for all users until changed manually.
- A dynamic web page can show different content to different users and may change frequently.
- Static pages are simpler and load faster; dynamic pages may use databases and take more time to load.

A network is a group of two or more similar things or people interconnected with each other. In computing, a computer network is an interconnection among two or more computers or computing devices that allows them to share data and resources.

The need for forming a network is to:
- share data among computers,
- share resources like printers and storage,
- communicate with many people simultaneously through email, websites, audio/video calls, etc.,
- make work easier and faster by connecting devices together.

Two examples of networks are social network and mobile network.

Any three applications on the Internet are Electronic mail (Email), Chat, and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP).

Any two mail service providers are Google (Gmail) and Microsoft (Outlook).

VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. It allows us to make voice calls over the Internet instead of the regular telephone network.

It works by converting analogue voice signals into digital signals and then transmitting them over the broadband line.

Its main advantages are:
- it is free or economical,
- calls can be made and received from any place having Internet access.

Its disadvantage is that call quality depends on the Internet speed.