Time Goes On

Given: July 2024 has 31 days. July 1, 2024 falls on a Monday.

Completed Calendar for July 2024:

| Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
| 29 | 30 | 31 | — | — | — | — |

July 2024 starts on Monday and has 31 days.

From the July 2024 calendar:

Sundays fall on: 7, 14, 21, 28.

$$\text{Number of Sundays} = 4$$

From the July 2024 calendar:

Thursdays fall on: 4, 11, 18, 25.

So the dates that are Thursdays are: 4, 11, 18, 25.

Given: July 22, 2024.

Counting three days forward:
$$22 + 3 = 25$$

Three days after July 22 is July 25.

From the calendar, July 25 falls on a Thursday.

Answer: July 25; the day is Thursday.

Given: School closes on July 7. It remains closed for 15 days.

Finding the reopening date:

The school is closed on days: July 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 — that is 15 days.

The school will reopen on the next day after the 15th closed day:
$$7 + 15 = 22$$

The school will open on July 22.

By observing calendars of two different years:

(a) Names of the months: ☑ Same
The 12 months (January to December) are always the same every year.

(b) Days in a month: ☑ Same (mostly)
Most months have the same number of days each year. February may change (28 or 29 days in a leap year), but generally the days in most months remain the same.

(c) Days in a week: ☑ Same
There are always 7 days in a week — Monday to Sunday.

(d) Number of Sundays: ☑ Changes
Depending on which day the month starts, a month may have 4 or 5 Sundays, so this can change from year to year.

(e) Number of weeks in a year: ☑ Same (approximately)
A year has 52 weeks and 1 or 2 extra days. This remains approximately the same.

Note: This is an activity-based question. Students should collect two calendars (e.g., 2023 and 2024) and fill in the dates of each festival listed.

Example entries (for reference):

| Festival | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Independence Day | 15/08/2023 | 15/08/2024 |
| Republic Day | 26/01/2023 | 26/01/2024 |
| Christmas | 25/12/2023 | 25/12/2024 |
| Deepawali | 12/11/2023 | 01/11/2024 |

Festivals that fall on the same date every year (circle these): Independence Day (15 August), Republic Day (26 January), Christmas (25 December).

Festivals based on the lunar calendar (like Eid, Diwali, Gurupurab) change their date each year.

The 12 months of the year in order are:

1. January
2. February
3. March
4. April
5. May
6. June
7. July
8. August
9. September
10. October
11. November
12. December

Concept: Most months have 30 or 31 days. Only one month has fewer than 30 days.

February has less than 30 days.
- In a regular year: February has 28 days.
- In a leap year: February has 29 days.

Answer: Only February has less than 30 days.

Concept: A regular (non-leap) year has 365 days. A leap year has 366 days.

$$\text{Number of days in a year} = \mathbf{365} \text{ days (366 in a leap year)}$$

Given: Hetal claims there are 53 weeks in a year.

Calculation:
$$365 \div 7 = 52 \text{ weeks and } 1 \text{ day remaining}$$

So a year has 52 complete weeks and 1 extra day (2 extra days in a leap year).

Hetal is NOT right.

A year has 52 weeks (and 1 extra day).

Answer: No. There are 52 weeks in a year.

Given:
- Hetal's age = twice her brother's age
- Hetal's age = brother's age + 10

Let brother's age = $x$ years

From the first condition: Hetal's age $= 2x$

From the second condition:
$$2x = x + 10$$
$$2x - x = 10$$
$$x = 10$$

So, Brother's age = 10 years

Hetal's age $= 2 \times 10 = \mathbf{20}$ years

Verification: Hetal (20) is twice her brother's age (10) ✓ and also 10 years older (20 − 10 = 10) ✓

Given: Date of Birth written as 02/05/2015.

Concept: In the DD/MM/YYYY format, the middle number represents the month.

Month 05 = May

Answer: Bincy was born on 2 May in the year 2015.

Given: Bincy's Date of Birth = 2 May 2015.

Calculation:
$$2025 - 2015 = 10 \text{ years}$$

Since the date is exactly 2 May 2025 (her birthday), she will have completed exactly 10 years.

Answer: Bincy will be 10 years old on 2 May 2025.

Given: Bincy's Date of Birth = 2 May 2015.

Calculation:
$$2030 - 2015 = 15 \text{ years}$$

Answer: Bincy will be 15 years old in 2030 (after 2 May 2030).

Given: Bincy was born on 2 May 2015.

Calculation:
$$2015 + 8 = 2023$$

Answer: Bincy's 8th birthday was on 2 May 2023.

Given: Bincy was born on 2 May 2015. We need her age on 2 August 2015.

Counting months from May to August:
- May 2 → June 2: 1 month
- June 2 → July 2: 2 months
- July 2 → August 2: 3 months

Answer: Bincy was 3 months old on 2 August 2015.

Given:
- Date of Birth: 2 May 2015
- Date of Issue of Certificate: 18 May 2015

Calculation:
$$18 - 2 = 16 \text{ days}$$

Answer: The certificate was issued 16 days after her birth.

This is a personal activity. Students should fill in their own details.

Sample filled certificate:

- Form Number: (your school/local form number)
- Government of: (your State name, e.g., Government of Maharashtra)
- Name: (Your full name)
- Sex: Male / Female
- Date of Birth: DD/MM/YYYY
- Place of Birth: (Name of hospital/city)
- Name of Father: (Father's full name)
- Name of Mother: (Mother's full name)
- Date of Making Certificate: (Today's date)
- Age on the date of making the certificate: (Calculate: Current year − Birth year = age in years)
- Your Signature: (Sign here)

Tip to find age: Subtract your birth year from the current year. For example, if born in 2016 and current year is 2025: $2025 - 2016 = 9$ years.

This is a personal activity. Students should fill in their own dates.

How to fill:
- Date of Birth: From your birth certificate (DD/MM/YYYY).
- Date of admission to school: From your school admission record.
- Date of admission to Class 1: From school records (usually the year after Kindergarten/Nursery).
- Date of admission to Class 3: From school records (two years after Class 1).

Example (sample):

| Date of Birth | Admitted to School | Admitted to Class 1 | Admitted to Class 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15/06/2016 | 01/06/2021 | 01/06/2022 | 01/06/2024 |

Given:
- Start time: 07:00 (7 o'clock)
- End time: 07:15

Concept: The difference between the two times gives the duration.

$$07:15 - 07:00 = 15 \text{ minutes}$$

She took 15 minutes to eat her breakfast.

How do we know? The minute hand moved from the 12 (at 07:00) to the 3 (at 07:15). Each number on the clock represents 5 minutes, so from 12 to 3 = $3 \times 5 = 15$ minutes.

Given: Time = 8:15 (quarter past 8)

Drawing instructions:
- Minute hand: Points to 3 (since 15 minutes = quarter of an hour, the minute hand is at the 3).
- Hour hand: Points slightly past 8 (the hour hand has moved one-quarter of the way between 8 and 9).

Note: Draw the minute hand (longer) pointing to 3, and the hour hand (shorter) pointing just past 8 on the clock face.

Given: Time = 8:30 (half past 8)

Drawing instructions:
- Minute hand: Points to 6 (since 30 minutes = half an hour, the minute hand is at the 6).
- Hour hand: Points exactly halfway between 8 and 9 (the hour hand has moved halfway between 8 and 9).

Note: Draw the minute hand (longer) pointing straight down to 6, and the hour hand (shorter) pointing exactly between 8 and 9 on the clock face.

Given examples are already provided. Students add their own. Sample answers:

| Takes months | Takes weeks | Takes days | Takes hours | Takes minutes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changing from summer to winter | Completing a chapter in class | Knitting a sweater | Stitching a shirt | Taking a shower |
| Growing a plant from seed | Preparing for an exam | Going on a trip | Watching a movie | Eating breakfast |
| Learning to ride a bicycle | Reading a storybook | Recovering from a cold | Cooking a meal | Brushing teeth |
| Building a house | Completing a school project | Visiting relatives | Travelling by train | Drinking a glass of water |

Note: These are based on the student's own school schedule. Typical sample answers are given below.

| Activity | Time Taken |
|---|---|
| School Period | 40 minutes |
| Lunch Break | 30 minutes |
| Mid-day Meal | 20 minutes |
| Play Period | 30 minutes |
| Eating Dinner | 20 minutes |
| Brushing Teeth | 2–3 minutes |

Students should observe their own school timetable and fill in the actual minutes.

This is an open-ended activity. Sample answers:

| Time | Activity |
|---|---|
| 5 minutes | Brush teeth / Drink water and get ready |
| 10 minutes | Read one page of a book / Do simple exercises |
| 15 minutes | Eat a snack / Draw a picture |
| 20 minutes | Eat breakfast / Complete one page of homework |
| 25 minutes | Write a short paragraph / Play a quick game |
| 30 minutes | Watch a cartoon episode / Complete a worksheet |
| 45 minutes | Attend one school period / Play cricket |
| 60 minutes | Complete homework / Go for a walk with family |

Students should write activities from their own daily routine.

Concept: To find the time elapsed, count how many minutes the minute hand has moved from the start position to the end position. Each number on the clock = 5 minutes.

General rule:
$$\text{Minutes passed} = (\text{End position of minute hand} - \text{Start position of minute hand}) \times 5$$

Example entries (based on typical clock images shown in the book):

| Start Time | End Time | Time Taken |
|---|---|---|
| 3:00 | 3:05 | 5 minutes |
| 4:00 | 4:15 | 15 minutes |
| 6:00 | 6:30 | 30 minutes |
| 2:00 | 2:45 | 45 minutes |
| 5:00 | 6:00 | 60 minutes |

Note: Students should look at the actual clock images in their textbook and count the minute hand movement to fill in the correct answers.

Analog Clock:
- Shows time using moving hands (hour hand, minute hand, and sometimes second hand).
- Has a circular face with numbers 1 to 12.
- You read the time by looking at where the hands point.

Digital Clock:
- Shows time using digits/numbers directly on a display (e.g., 10:30).
- Has no moving hands.
- Time is read directly from the numbers shown.

Main Difference: An analog clock uses hands on a circular dial to show time, while a digital clock displays time directly as numbers.

This is an observation-based question. Students should look at their classroom wall and answer.

Most school classrooms have an Analog clock (with hour and minute hands on a circular face).

Answer: Our school has an analog clock on the wall. (Students write whichever type their school has.)