Ticking Clocks and Turning Calendar

Given: The calendars for February 2024 and February 2025 are shown.

Concept: A leap year has 29 days in February; a non-leap year has 28 days.

Working:
- February 2024 calendar shows dates from 1 to 29, so it has 29 days.
- February 2025 calendar shows dates from 1 to 28, so it has 28 days.

Answer:
- Number of days in Feb 2024 = 29
- Number of days in Feb 2025 = 28

Given: 2024 is a leap year. Leap years occur every 4 years.

Concept: To find the previous leap years, subtract 4 each time. To find the next leap years, add 4 each time.

Working:
- 2 years before 2024: $2024 - 4 = 2020$; $2020 - 4 = 2016$
- 3 years after 2024: $2024 + 4 = 2028$; $2028 + 4 = 2032$; $2032 + 4 = 2036$

Answer: 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032, 2036

Given: A normal year has 365 days. A leap year has one additional day.

Concept: Leap year = Normal year + 1 extra day (29th February).

Working:
$$365 + 1 = 366 \text{ days}$$

Answer: A leap year has 366 days.

Note: This is a personal/activity-based question. Students should fill in their own favourite festivals and the months in which they are celebrated.

Sample Answer (students may write their own):

| Name of the Festival | Name of the Month |
|---|---|
| Diwali | October/November |
| Holi | March |
| Eid | Varies (Islamic calendar) |
| Christmas | December |
| Independence Day | August |

Students should fill in festivals they personally celebrate.

Note: This is a calendar-based activity question. The answer depends on the actual day when the student is solving it.

Concept: The days of the week in order are: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.

Sample Answer (assuming today is Wednesday):

a) Today: Wednesday
b) Yesterday: Tuesday
c) Tomorrow: Thursday
d) Day after tomorrow: Friday
e) Day before yesterday: Monday

Students should fill in the actual days based on the current date.

Given: July 1 is a Monday.

Concept: Days repeat every 7 days, so the next Monday is 7 days later, and the one after is 14 days later.

Working:
- Next Monday: $1 + 7 =$ July 8
- Monday after that: $1 + 14 =$ July 15

Answer: The next two Mondays fall on July 8 and July 15.

Given:
- Laali's date of birth: 04/07/2014 (4th July 2014)
- Chotu's date of birth: 04/12/2019 (4th December 2019)

Concept: The person born earlier (in an earlier year) is older.

Working:
- Laali was born in 2014 and Chotu was born in 2019.
- 2014 comes before 2019, so Laali is older.
- Difference in years: $2019 - 2014 = 5$ years and from July to December = 5 months.
- So Laali is 5 years and 5 months older than Chotu.

Laali will turn 5 years old on: $2014 + 5 =$ 4th July 2019 (04/07/2019)

Chotu's 10th birthday: $2019 + 10 =$ 4th December 2029 (04/12/2029)

Answer:
- Laali is older by 5 years and 5 months.
- Laali will turn 5 years old on 4th July 2019.
- Chotu's 10th birthday will be celebrated on 4th December 2029.

Note: This is a hands-on activity question. Students need to check an actual biscuit packet.

Concept:
- Age of packet = Today's date − Manufacturing date
- Days safe to eat = Expiry date − Today's date

Sample Working (assuming Manufacturing date: 1st March 2025, Expiry date: 1st September 2025, Today's date: 15th May 2025):

a) Age of packet:
- From 1st March to 15th May = 2 months and 14 days
- Answer: 2 months 14 days

b) Days safe to eat:
- From 15th May to 1st September = 3 months and 16 days
- Answer: 3 months 16 days

Students should fill in the actual dates from the packet they check.

Note: This is an observation and pattern-finding activity. The answer depends on the year's calendar being used.

Concept: Each month has a different number of days (28/29/30/31). The day on which a date falls shifts forward by the number of days in that month modulo 7.

Sample Working (for year 2025):
- July 15, 2025 = Tuesday
- July has 31 days → $31 \div 7 = 4$ weeks and 3 extra days → August 15 shifts 3 days forward
- August 15, 2025 = Tuesday + 3 = Friday
- August has 31 days → shifts 3 days forward again
- September 15, 2025 = Friday + 3 = Monday
- September has 30 days → $30 \div 7 = 4$ weeks and 2 extra days → shifts 2 days forward
- October 15, 2025 = Monday + 2 = Wednesday

Pattern noticed: The day on which the 15th falls shifts forward by 3 days for months with 31 days and by 2 days for months with 30 days.

Students should verify this with their own calendar and share observations in class.

Note: This is a research/exploration activity to be done with the help of parents and teachers.

Sample Answer:
- Hindu Calendar (Vikram Samvat): The year begins with the month of Chaitra (usually in March–April). The new year is celebrated as Gudi Padwa or Ugadi.
- Islamic Calendar (Hijri): The year begins with the month of Muharram. Since it is a lunar calendar, the date shifts each year in the Gregorian calendar.
- Sikh Calendar (Nanakshahi): The year begins on 14th March (1st Chet).

Students should explore and note the specific calendar used in their community.