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Formula Sheet

Atoms — Formula Sheet

NDA · Physics

Free Atoms formula sheet for NDA Physics 2026 — all important formulas, equations, and constants for quick reference.

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An illustration of Rutherford's atomic model, showing a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center and electrons revolving around it in orbits, with most of the atom being empty space.
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Formula Sheet — Atoms

Important formulas and equations from Atoms for NDA Physics.

Formulas — Atoms

Rutherford's Alpha-Particle Scattering

b = (Ze²cot(θ/2))/(4πε₀Eₖ)
r₀ = (2Ze²)/(4πε₀Eₖ)
N ∝ 1/sin⁴(θ/2)

Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom

mvr = nh/2π
rₙ = (0.53 × n²)/Z Å
Eₙ = -13.6Z²/n² eV
vₙ = (2.18 × 10⁶ × Z)/n m/s

Atomic Spectra and Spectral Series

1/λ = R(1/nf² - 1/ni²)
1/λ = R(1/1² - 1/n²), n = 2,3,4...
1/λ = R(1/2² - 1/n²), n = 3,4,5...
1/λ = R(1/3² - 1/n²), n = 4,5,6...

X-rays and Characteristic Radiation

λmin = hc/eV = 1242/V nm
λ = hc/(EK - EL) for Kα

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Frequently Asked Questions

What topics are covered in Atoms for NDA?
Atoms is an important chapter in NDA Physics. It covers key concepts and formulas that are frequently tested in the exam. Key topics include: Rutherford's Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment, Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom, Atomic Spectra and Spectral Series, X-ray Spectra and Characteristic X-rays.
How important is Atoms for NDA?
Atoms is a frequently tested chapter in NDA Physics. Questions from this chapter appear regularly in previous year papers. There are 243 practice questions available for this chapter.
How to prepare Atoms for NDA?
Start by understanding the core concepts, then solve practice questions. Focus on formulas and their applications. Use revision notes for quick review before the exam.

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