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Revision Notes
Intelligence — Revision Notes
Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Psychology
Intelligence revision notes for Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology: 4 topics in quick points. Part of the Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology syllabus.
5 concepts
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Key Topics to Revise
1
Definition and Nature of Intelligence
- The word 'intelligence' is derived from the Latin word 'intelligere' meaning 'to understand', and from the Sanskrit word 'Budh' meaning to gain knowledge.
- German psychologist Ebbinghaus (1879) was the first to define intelligence based on individual differences.
- Binet and Simon (1904): Intelligence is the ability to judge, understand, and reason well.
2
Normal Probability Curve of Intelligence
- Psychologist William Stern (1912) introduced the concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ).
- Terman was the first to classify intelligence into categories.
- The distribution of IQ scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped curve called the Normal Probability Curve.
3
Contemporary Approaches to Intelligence
- Five major contemporary theories: Spearman's Two-Factor Theory, Sternberg's Triarchic Theory, Guilford's Three-Dimensional Theory, Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory, J.P. Das PASS Theory.
- SPEARMAN (1904): Two factors — G-Factor (General Intelligence, inborn, consistent, used in all activities) and S-Factor (Special Intelligence, learned from environment, different for different activit
- STERNBERG (1985): Triarchic Theory — Componential (Analytical), Experiential (Creative), Contextual (Practical) intelligence. After 1990, renamed as 'Theory of Successful Intelligence'.
4
Measurement of Intelligence: Tests and Classification
- Intelligence tests can be Individual (one person at a time) or Group (hundreds simultaneously).
- Tests can be Verbal (written questions and answers) or Non-Verbal/Performance (pictures, diagrams, motor tasks, minimal words).
- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS): Developed by Binet and Simon (1905 in French); adapted into English by Prof. Terman of Stanford University in 1916. Revised in 1937, 1960, 1973, 1986. Used fo
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Full NotesKey Concepts
Intelligence is derived from the SanskritThe distribution of intelligence scoresBritish psychologist Charles Spearman (1904) proposedRobert Sternberg (1985) proposed three typesJ
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the important topics in Intelligence for Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology?
Key topics in Intelligence include Definition and Nature of Intelligence, Normal Probability Curve of Intelligence, Contemporary Approaches to Intelligence, Measurement of Intelligence: Tests and Classification. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Gujarat Board Class 12 board exam.
Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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