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Intelligence

Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Psychology

Quick revision notes for Intelligence — Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Definition and Nature of Intelligence

  • The word 'intelligence' is derived from the Latin word 'intelligere' meaning 'to understand', and from the Sanskrit word 'Budh' meaning to gain knowledge.
  • German psychologist Ebbinghaus (1879) was the first to define intelligence based on individual differences.
  • Binet and Simon (1904): Intelligence is the ability to judge, understand, and reason well.
2

Normal Probability Curve of Intelligence

  • Psychologist William Stern (1912) introduced the concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ).
  • Terman was the first to classify intelligence into categories.
  • The distribution of IQ scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped curve called the Normal Probability Curve.
3

Contemporary Approaches to Intelligence

  • Five major contemporary theories: Spearman's Two-Factor Theory, Sternberg's Triarchic Theory, Guilford's Three-Dimensional Theory, Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory, J.P. Das PASS Theory.
  • SPEARMAN (1904): Two factors — G-Factor (General Intelligence, inborn, consistent, used in all activities) and S-Factor (Special Intelligence, learned from environment, different for different activit
  • STERNBERG (1985): Triarchic Theory — Componential (Analytical), Experiential (Creative), Contextual (Practical) intelligence. After 1990, renamed as 'Theory of Successful Intelligence'.
4

Measurement of Intelligence: Tests and Classification

  • Intelligence tests can be Individual (one person at a time) or Group (hundreds simultaneously).
  • Tests can be Verbal (written questions and answers) or Non-Verbal/Performance (pictures, diagrams, motor tasks, minimal words).
  • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS): Developed by Binet and Simon (1905 in French); adapted into English by Prof. Terman of Stanford University in 1916. Revised in 1937, 1960, 1973, 1986. Used fo

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Key Concepts

Intelligence is derived from the SanskritThe distribution of intelligence scoresBritish psychologist Charles Spearman (1904) proposedRobert Sternberg (1985) proposed three typesJ

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Intelligence for Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology?
Key topics in Intelligence include Complete Chapter Concept Map – Intelligence, Spearman's Two Factor Theory — G-Factor vs S-Factor Key Differences, Chapter Overview: Intelligence — All Key Topics. These are the concepts Gujarat Board Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Intelligence — Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology?
Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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