Sensation, Attention and Perception — Syllabus
Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Psychology
What Sensation, Attention and Perception covers in Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Sensation, Attention and Perception
Sensation: Meaning, Definition and Receptors
- Sensation is defined as 'an experience arising from excitation of sensory organs by stimuli from the external or internal environment'.
- Sensation is a change in consciousness that arises when excitation reaches the sensory centres in the brain.
- The sequence is: Stimulus → Sense Organ → Afferent Nerves → Brain → Sensation.
Types of Sensations
- There are five types of sensations based on the five sensory organs: Visual, Auditory, Olfactory, Gustatory, and Touch.
- VISUAL SENSATION: Vision has the most important role in human life. The key components are: Sclera (tough white outer layer), Iris (coloured area with ciliary muscles), Pupil (hole in the centre of th
- The pupil contracts in bright light (ciliary muscles expand) and dilates in dim light (ciliary muscles contract).
Attention: Meaning, Definition and Nature
- Attention is the process of selecting a definite stimulus from many available stimuli and concentrating on it.
- The surrounding world has several stimuli but only a few enter the brain through the senses at any given time.
- Attention involves physical, bodily and mental adjustment simultaneously.
Characteristics (Nature) of Attention
- SELECTIVE: Attention is selective, voluntary, and intuitive. Out of many stimuli, an individual selects only a few and ignores others. Example: While watching a film, women focus on the heroine's clot
- ADJUSTIVE: Attention involves psychophysical adjustment — physical, bodily, and mental adjustments. Example: Squinting to see distant objects, shading eyes from bright light.
- EXPLORATIVE: Attention is purposive and involves keen observation, exploration, and manipulation of the stimulus before focusing. Example: Examining a saree in a shop — checking design, colour, and qu
Key Concepts
Central concept: Sensation, Attention and Perception are three interconnected psychological processes through which humans gather, select and interpret information from the environment to guide behaviour.
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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